![\"live](\"https:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/half_2x\/public\/images\/2020\/12\/diatoms_composite.jpg?itok=ULmMEWXc\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628 (Fragilariopsis kerguelensis) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c\u00a0 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0623\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0644 (Pierre Martel) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1742 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 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\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (diatoms) – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 (upwelling \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 1) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 11 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0633 Science (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 2).<\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629” (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 3). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 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\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a (4).<\/p>\n \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 (upwelling\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u00a0\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 (5). \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 (MPIC) \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 (MPIC) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (mineral) \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 150 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a”\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u064a (Ellen Ai<\/a>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Sigman) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 (Alfredo Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda) \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0648\u063a (Gerald Haug) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 “\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 (upwelling) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0622\u064a (Ai) . “\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631<\/em>\u00a0\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/GettyImages-140527686-610814f.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/F1.large_.jpg\")
\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1-https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/upwelling.html<\/a>
\n2-https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/370\/6522\/1348<\/a>
\n3-https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629_\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629
\n4-https:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/news\/2018\/07\/30\/carbon-leak-may-have-warmed-planet-11000-years-encouraging-human-civilization<\/a>
\n5-https:\/\/environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu\/research\/2020\/understanding-past-understand-future-climate-science-princeton<\/a><\/h5>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic.jpg\")