{"id":7861,"date":"2020-10-29T07:41:36","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T04:41:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=7861"},"modified":"2020-10-29T07:41:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T04:41:36","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=7861","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Present and Future Trends in Biodegradable Polymers<\/strong>
\n(By: Dr. Raj Shah, Mr. Rui Chen, Ms.Hillary Wong)<\/span>
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646)\u00a0<\/span>
\n\"\"<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023. \u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 [\u0661] \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0633 ((MarketsandMarkets (M&M) [\u0662].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0643 ((Polylactic acid (PLA) \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 ((Polycaprolactone (PCL) \u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 (\u0190-caprolactone). \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PCL) \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627 ((Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a ((Polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB). \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0647 [\u0661]: \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 – \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60\u066a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 – \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629.\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a (Nature Works LLC) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0643 (PLA) \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a (PHAs) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629” [\u0663] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627” (Drug Design, Development and Therapy) \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2018. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano9111548 Nanomaterials<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0643 (PLA)\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a (PHB) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 – \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1\u066a – \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a [\u0664] \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0643 (PLA) \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PCL) \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0632\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 2.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 (\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 65 \u066a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 32 \u0625\u0644\u0649 41\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 ((Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (function) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>:<\/span>
\nhttps:\/\/www.plasticstoday.com\/biopolymers\/present-and-future-trends-biodegradable-polymers<\/h5>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0647<\/span> \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a (Koehler Instrument Co)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a ASTM [\u0665] \u0645\u0646\u0630 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 ASTM \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 ASTM \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 ASTM Eagle. \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 ASTM. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c NLGI \u060c STLE \u060c IChemE \u060c INSTMC \u060c AIC \u060c CMI [\u0666] \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064a (Tau Beta Pi) \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 – \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a (Koehler Instrument Co) \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>:<\/span>
\n[\u0661] https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/biodegradable-plastics-93.html<\/a>
\n[\u0662] \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0633 ((MarketsandMarkets (M&M) \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c 400 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645.
\n[\u0663] https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6161720\/<\/a>
\n[\u0664] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/p>\n