{"id":6866,"date":"2020-08-02T07:48:49","date_gmt":"2020-08-02T04:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=6866"},"modified":"2020-08-11T06:56:23","modified_gmt":"2020-08-11T03:56:23","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=6866","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636) – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Smallpox and other viruses plagued humans much earlier than suspected<\/span>
\n.Genetic research is rewriting the history of diseases
\n\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a – <\/span>By: Laura Spinney<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

(\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 300 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062d\u0635\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u061b \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 8 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1980 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 800 – 1500 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 (1) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628 1700 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062e\u064e\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u063a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1000 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a4\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627”.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064d \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (3) \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0628\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 – \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 – \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647). \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f <\/span>B<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u060c\u0623\u064a \u00a0\u0642\u0628\u0644 5000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (4) \u061b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u060c \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 (5)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (6).<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 6 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (7) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 12 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 70 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (8).<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u00a0<\/span>Ann Carmichael<\/span> \u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u06a4\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0643\u00a0<\/span>S\u00f8ren Sindb\u00e6k<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0633\u00a0<\/span>Aarhus<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: “\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a”. “\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a”.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0623\u0648 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a – \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0641\u064a <\/span>Duffy<\/span>” \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0629)\u00a0<\/span>Vasmax vivax<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 – \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (9) \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/span>Y. pestis<\/span>\u00a0\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (10) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\"\"
\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u06a4 <\/span>Eske Willerslev<\/span> \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (11) \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 1\u060c867 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 32 \u00a0\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648 150 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u062a. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a 26 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u061b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644 13 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 12 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646. (\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 – \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u06a4 <\/span>Willerslev<\/span>).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1050 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1002 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627: “\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645”.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629”: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645 \u00a0\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1700 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645”<\/b>).<\/span><\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0647\u00a0<\/span>Charit\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 15 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1200 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) – \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a – \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 3000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4000 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1700 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3000 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u00a0\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646: “\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627”. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u00a0<\/span>McMaster<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u00a0\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0646\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u00a0\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631”.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f\u00a0<\/span>B<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (13) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/span>Y. pestis<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u00a0<\/span>Yamnaya<\/span> (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 14) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f 3500 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1000 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u00a0<\/span>Yamnaya<\/span> \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0646 <\/span>Detlef Gronenborn<\/span>\u00a0\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0632\u00a0<\/span>Leibniz<\/span>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u060c \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (15) – \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 – \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a (16)) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0633 – \u0643\u0648\u0641 – 2 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 (17). \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u00a0\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 ( \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629) \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u063a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629: “\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633” \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. ” \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0627 \u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644: “\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/span>Y. pestis<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u00a0<\/span>Y. pestis<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u061f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631\u00a0\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629”.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/span><\/b>
\n1- <\/span>https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/369\/6502\/eaaw8977.abstract<\/span><\/a><\/span>
\n2-<\/span>https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/fulltext\/S0960-9822(16)31324-0?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982216313240%3Fshowall%3Dtrue<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
\n3- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/368\/6497\/1367<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n4-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0097-z<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n5- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02083-0?utm_source=twt_nnc<\/span>&<\/span>utm_medium=social<\/span>&<\/span>utm_campaign=naturenews<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n6- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell\/fulltext\/S0092-8674(15)01322-7?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867415013227%3Fshowall%3Dtrue<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n7-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/seals-brought-tb-to-americas-1.15748<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n8-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature13591<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n9- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature10549<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n10-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/span>\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n11- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/703405v1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n12-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.illumina.com\/techniques\/sequencing\/dna-sequencing\/targeted-resequencing\/target-enrichment.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n13-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/span>\/\u0646\u0645\u0637_\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n14-<\/span>https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/span>\/\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629_\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n15- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41576-019-0119-1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n16- <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/span>\/\u0639\u0644\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i>
\n17-<\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.05.21.109322v1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/h6>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-02083-0?utm_source=twt_nnc<\/span><\/i>&<\/span><\/i>utm_medium=social<\/span><\/i>&<\/span><\/i>utm_campaign=naturenews<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Smallpox and other viruses plagued humans much earlier than suspected .Genetic research is rewriting the history of diseases \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a – By: Laura Spinney (\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6866"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6955,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6866\/revisions\/6955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}