{"id":38131,"date":"2026-11-03T18:21:12","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T15:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=38131"},"modified":"2026-11-03T18:21:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T15:21:12","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b0%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%84%d9%90%d9%85%d9%92%d8%b9%d9%8e%d9%84%d9%90%d9%91%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=38131","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u201c\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u2013 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645&#8221;. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38132\" style=\"width: 504px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38132\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24508daa-e6b7-4a41-99be-f8b05a8e3647-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"504\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24508daa-e6b7-4a41-99be-f8b05a8e3647-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24508daa-e6b7-4a41-99be-f8b05a8e3647-150x109.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24508daa-e6b7-4a41-99be-f8b05a8e3647-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24508daa-e6b7-4a41-99be-f8b05a8e3647.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a: 1364\u0647\u0640) <\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1307\u0647\u0640\/1885\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0631 (\u062a: 1348\u0647\u0640) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1410\u0647\u0640 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1417\u0647\u0640 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1431\u0647\u0640).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38133\" style=\"width: 502px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38133\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e62e0681-0b02-489e-847a-48ee5892b4ce-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e62e0681-0b02-489e-847a-48ee5892b4ce-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e62e0681-0b02-489e-847a-48ee5892b4ce-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e62e0681-0b02-489e-847a-48ee5892b4ce-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e62e0681-0b02-489e-847a-48ee5892b4ce-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e62e0681-0b02-489e-847a-48ee5892b4ce.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645: <\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0648\u0645 (\u062a:1427\u0647\u0640)<sup>(1)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 (\u062a:1439\u0647\u0640)<sup>(2)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062a:1437\u0647\u0640) \u0645\u0646<sup>(3)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u062a:1415\u0647\u0640 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627)<sup>(4)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38134 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/70b370b2-3a47-4086-9232-662a6e2648b2-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/70b370b2-3a47-4086-9232-662a6e2648b2-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/70b370b2-3a47-4086-9232-662a6e2648b2-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/70b370b2-3a47-4086-9232-662a6e2648b2-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/70b370b2-3a47-4086-9232-662a6e2648b2-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/70b370b2-3a47-4086-9232-662a6e2648b2.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38135 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2e426ecd-20eb-4119-a435-39a5f8aacd84-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2e426ecd-20eb-4119-a435-39a5f8aacd84-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2e426ecd-20eb-4119-a435-39a5f8aacd84-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2e426ecd-20eb-4119-a435-39a5f8aacd84-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2e426ecd-20eb-4119-a435-39a5f8aacd84-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2e426ecd-20eb-4119-a435-39a5f8aacd84.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1364\u0647\u0640<sup>(5)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062a:1402\u0647\u0640)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1320\u0647\u0640\/1898\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38136 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b48cfec7-254c-4f5f-af2c-551b1b6f2b05.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645 (\u062a: 1428\u0647\u0640)<sup>(6)<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38137 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/\u0629\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0646-244x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/\u0629\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0646-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/\u0629\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0646-122x150.jpg 122w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/\u0629\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0646.jpg 358w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1402\u0647\u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a: 1410\u0647\u0640) <\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1330\u0647\u0640\/1908\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u062a: 1364\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u062a:1417\u0647\u0640) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062a:1431\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a (\u062a: 1397\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0629&#8221;<sup>(7)<\/sup> \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u062a: 1417\u0647\u0640) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062a: 1433\u0647\u0640 )\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062a:1437\u0647\u0640) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a: 1424\u0647\u0640) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 (\u062a:1412\u0647\u0640)<sup>(8)<\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a: 1437\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup>(9)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38138 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e5d7be04-c274-4235-aaca-d3f015bebb21-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"507\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e5d7be04-c274-4235-aaca-d3f015bebb21-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e5d7be04-c274-4235-aaca-d3f015bebb21-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e5d7be04-c274-4235-aaca-d3f015bebb21-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e5d7be04-c274-4235-aaca-d3f015bebb21-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/e5d7be04-c274-4235-aaca-d3f015bebb21.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38139\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38139\" style=\"width: 511px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38139\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/f9b580d9-7a92-40df-afe6-9c16ba96db27-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/f9b580d9-7a92-40df-afe6-9c16ba96db27-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/f9b580d9-7a92-40df-afe6-9c16ba96db27-150x101.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/f9b580d9-7a92-40df-afe6-9c16ba96db27-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/f9b580d9-7a92-40df-afe6-9c16ba96db27-110x75.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/f9b580d9-7a92-40df-afe6-9c16ba96db27.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38139\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628)\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013.<\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645: <\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1363\u0647\u0640)<sup>(10)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1377\u0647\u0640)<sup>(11)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642 (1366-1443\u0647\u0640)<sup>(12).<\/sup><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644&#8221;. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0645&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0646\u062f\u0645.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0634 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0649&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0633. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0632\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0646&#8221;. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u2013 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0650\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38140 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a1bf8a2d-dec2-40c9-8590-52a9b1d16008-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"504\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a1bf8a2d-dec2-40c9-8590-52a9b1d16008-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a1bf8a2d-dec2-40c9-8590-52a9b1d16008-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a1bf8a2d-dec2-40c9-8590-52a9b1d16008-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a1bf8a2d-dec2-40c9-8590-52a9b1d16008-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/a1bf8a2d-dec2-40c9-8590-52a9b1d16008.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u2013<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1-\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 .<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<sup>(13)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647.<\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">2-\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f: <\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<sup>(14)<\/sup>\u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 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\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0648. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648: \u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648: \u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">7-\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0644.<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38141 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b0e3cbfd-aa52-4171-8e4c-93e185eaf001-228x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b0e3cbfd-aa52-4171-8e4c-93e185eaf001-228x300.jpg 228w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b0e3cbfd-aa52-4171-8e4c-93e185eaf001-114x150.jpg 114w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/b0e3cbfd-aa52-4171-8e4c-93e185eaf001.jpg 605w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0640 (\u0635\u062d)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0640 (\u063a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38142 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/18962737-3fef-41b7-8560-019cb734563f-252x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/18962737-3fef-41b7-8560-019cb734563f-252x300.jpg 252w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/18962737-3fef-41b7-8560-019cb734563f-126x150.jpg 126w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/18962737-3fef-41b7-8560-019cb734563f.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">7-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38143 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7c67cf9d-4f37-44a6-93c4-4a90e68bdf35-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"359\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7c67cf9d-4f37-44a6-93c4-4a90e68bdf35-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7c67cf9d-4f37-44a6-93c4-4a90e68bdf35-150x117.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7c67cf9d-4f37-44a6-93c4-4a90e68bdf35-768x599.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/7c67cf9d-4f37-44a6-93c4-4a90e68bdf35.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><strong>8- \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 [1].<\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">9-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38144 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d82dfe81-fdf3-45c8-b621-d1390ac7cd1c-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"506\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d82dfe81-fdf3-45c8-b621-d1390ac7cd1c-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d82dfe81-fdf3-45c8-b621-d1390ac7cd1c-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d82dfe81-fdf3-45c8-b621-d1390ac7cd1c-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d82dfe81-fdf3-45c8-b621-d1390ac7cd1c-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d82dfe81-fdf3-45c8-b621-d1390ac7cd1c.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38146 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/081ad4bd-6c08-4c00-93a9-d650e1bb788e-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/081ad4bd-6c08-4c00-93a9-d650e1bb788e-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/081ad4bd-6c08-4c00-93a9-d650e1bb788e-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/081ad4bd-6c08-4c00-93a9-d650e1bb788e-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/081ad4bd-6c08-4c00-93a9-d650e1bb788e-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/081ad4bd-6c08-4c00-93a9-d650e1bb788e.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38145 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0b26c7f8-2916-4707-81e0-d7b4f425db49-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"505\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0b26c7f8-2916-4707-81e0-d7b4f425db49-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0b26c7f8-2916-4707-81e0-d7b4f425db49-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0b26c7f8-2916-4707-81e0-d7b4f425db49-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0b26c7f8-2916-4707-81e0-d7b4f425db49-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0b26c7f8-2916-4707-81e0-d7b4f425db49.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38147 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d2c6d516-8713-4eb7-b065-373badb2198b-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d2c6d516-8713-4eb7-b065-373badb2198b-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d2c6d516-8713-4eb7-b065-373badb2198b-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d2c6d516-8713-4eb7-b065-373badb2198b-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d2c6d516-8713-4eb7-b065-373badb2198b-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d2c6d516-8713-4eb7-b065-373badb2198b.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1410\u0647\u0640 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup>(15)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a: 1425\u0647\u0640)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 3 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1345\u0647\u0640\/1923\u0645) \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c (\u062a: 1362\u0647\u0640) \u060c \u0641\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a (\u062a: 1397\u0647\u0640) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a:1431\u0647\u0640) \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0644\u064a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38148 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2cb735ab-faaf-4921-8b07-55f25c16e20a-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"507\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2cb735ab-faaf-4921-8b07-55f25c16e20a-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2cb735ab-faaf-4921-8b07-55f25c16e20a-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2cb735ab-faaf-4921-8b07-55f25c16e20a-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2cb735ab-faaf-4921-8b07-55f25c16e20a-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/2cb735ab-faaf-4921-8b07-55f25c16e20a.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a: 1362\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064d \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38149\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38149\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38149\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/bb046ec8-df86-4f39-988e-58bddeeefd30-300x184.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/bb046ec8-df86-4f39-988e-58bddeeefd30-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/bb046ec8-df86-4f39-988e-58bddeeefd30-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/bb046ec8-df86-4f39-988e-58bddeeefd30-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/bb046ec8-df86-4f39-988e-58bddeeefd30.jpg 886w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38149\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38150\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38150\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d314d606-f252-4bca-8b8c-8b0f274fc4d8-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d314d606-f252-4bca-8b8c-8b0f274fc4d8-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d314d606-f252-4bca-8b8c-8b0f274fc4d8-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d314d606-f252-4bca-8b8c-8b0f274fc4d8-768x563.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/d314d606-f252-4bca-8b8c-8b0f274fc4d8.jpg 898w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 -:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a (1350- 1438\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646<sup>(16)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">2-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a (1366-1439\u0647\u0640) <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">3- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645 (1353-1440\u0647\u0640) <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">4- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">5-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0641 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">6-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">7-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">8-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">9-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f&#8221;<sup>(17)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">10-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;<sup>(18)<\/sup>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">11-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">12-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">13-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">14-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">15- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">16-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">17-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">18- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f<sup>(19)<\/sup><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">19- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">20- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">21-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">22-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">23-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">24-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">25-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">26-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 (\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627).<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">27-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">28-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644&#8221;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">29-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">30-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">31-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0631) \u2013 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; (\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629): \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 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\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062f:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0622\u0645\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f: \u0622\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064d \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38151\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38151\" style=\"width: 511px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38151\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/905539b0-3ea6-4c0e-aa26-1f9d383f22dd-300x218.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/905539b0-3ea6-4c0e-aa26-1f9d383f22dd-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/905539b0-3ea6-4c0e-aa26-1f9d383f22dd-150x109.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/905539b0-3ea6-4c0e-aa26-1f9d383f22dd-768x558.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/905539b0-3ea6-4c0e-aa26-1f9d383f22dd.jpg 883w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38151\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 14 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1424\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 9\/11\/2003\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 79 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629<sup>(20)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38152 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8b461aae-54bf-40d5-a84e-0dbbc90e37fc-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8b461aae-54bf-40d5-a84e-0dbbc90e37fc-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8b461aae-54bf-40d5-a84e-0dbbc90e37fc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8b461aae-54bf-40d5-a84e-0dbbc90e37fc-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8b461aae-54bf-40d5-a84e-0dbbc90e37fc-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/8b461aae-54bf-40d5-a84e-0dbbc90e37fc.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38153 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24ecce90-ee82-44f0-ac0b-98a3513c35e3-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24ecce90-ee82-44f0-ac0b-98a3513c35e3-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24ecce90-ee82-44f0-ac0b-98a3513c35e3-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24ecce90-ee82-44f0-ac0b-98a3513c35e3-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24ecce90-ee82-44f0-ac0b-98a3513c35e3-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/24ecce90-ee82-44f0-ac0b-98a3513c35e3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38154 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0bc6965b-bf3b-4503-a66b-8d06953d43ef-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0bc6965b-bf3b-4503-a66b-8d06953d43ef-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0bc6965b-bf3b-4503-a66b-8d06953d43ef-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0bc6965b-bf3b-4503-a66b-8d06953d43ef-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0bc6965b-bf3b-4503-a66b-8d06953d43ef-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/0bc6965b-bf3b-4503-a66b-8d06953d43ef.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38155 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/cab6bb31-8cf4-4e6b-959b-3a5d9489530f-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/cab6bb31-8cf4-4e6b-959b-3a5d9489530f-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/cab6bb31-8cf4-4e6b-959b-3a5d9489530f-1024x818.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/cab6bb31-8cf4-4e6b-959b-3a5d9489530f-150x120.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/cab6bb31-8cf4-4e6b-959b-3a5d9489530f-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/cab6bb31-8cf4-4e6b-959b-3a5d9489530f.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38156 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9bb4cebf-e7ae-4065-b39c-518ba7474b7c-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9bb4cebf-e7ae-4065-b39c-518ba7474b7c-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9bb4cebf-e7ae-4065-b39c-518ba7474b7c-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9bb4cebf-e7ae-4065-b39c-518ba7474b7c-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9bb4cebf-e7ae-4065-b39c-518ba7474b7c-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/9bb4cebf-e7ae-4065-b39c-518ba7474b7c.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38157 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/77b35dfa-933c-41f1-8e8d-80b17224fbb7-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/77b35dfa-933c-41f1-8e8d-80b17224fbb7-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/77b35dfa-933c-41f1-8e8d-80b17224fbb7-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/77b35dfa-933c-41f1-8e8d-80b17224fbb7-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/77b35dfa-933c-41f1-8e8d-80b17224fbb7-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/77b35dfa-933c-41f1-8e8d-80b17224fbb7.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38158 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/57369f78-e2bf-4bc4-beb0-55ce1047c032-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/57369f78-e2bf-4bc4-beb0-55ce1047c032-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/57369f78-e2bf-4bc4-beb0-55ce1047c032-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/57369f78-e2bf-4bc4-beb0-55ce1047c032-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/57369f78-e2bf-4bc4-beb0-55ce1047c032-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/57369f78-e2bf-4bc4-beb0-55ce1047c032.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062a: 1434\u0647\u0640)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1359\u0647\u0640\/ 1937\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062c\u062f\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38159 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4dd5c016-6224-4905-8655-36d5e60c2465-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"505\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4dd5c016-6224-4905-8655-36d5e60c2465-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4dd5c016-6224-4905-8655-36d5e60c2465-1024x818.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4dd5c016-6224-4905-8655-36d5e60c2465-150x120.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4dd5c016-6224-4905-8655-36d5e60c2465-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/4dd5c016-6224-4905-8655-36d5e60c2465.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 (\u062a: 1397\u0647\u0640) \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648 (\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0649) \u0648\u0634\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a: 1431\u0647\u0640) \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 (\u062a: 1412\u0647\u0640)<sup>(21)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38160\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38160\" style=\"width: 505px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38160\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/08a2d912-90fd-481c-9010-3fa3aff309f9-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"505\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/08a2d912-90fd-481c-9010-3fa3aff309f9-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/08a2d912-90fd-481c-9010-3fa3aff309f9-150x95.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/08a2d912-90fd-481c-9010-3fa3aff309f9-768x486.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/08a2d912-90fd-481c-9010-3fa3aff309f9.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647: &#8211;<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">*\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">* \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38161 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/95b14d36-0063-4b89-a3d5-11ca1bcfcef7.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-38162 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/509c2cea-439a-44f8-92c0-08906395ed06.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1434\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062b\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0630\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062b\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u062a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&#8230;. \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<sup>(22)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<br \/>\n(1) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (181) \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3\/104) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (32) \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0624\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u0644.<br \/>\n(2) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3\/41) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (28).<br \/>\n(3) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3\/242) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (43).<br \/>\n(4) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\n(5) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (181)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3\/242) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (43)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n(6) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (2\/198) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (20).<br \/>\n(7) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0629 . \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u2013 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n(8) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\n(9) \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 (2) \u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e 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\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0639) (2\/60).<br \/>\n(12) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642.<br \/>\n(13) \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 : \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0640\u0650: \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0650 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 : \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652 \u060c \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0650 \u060c \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650.<br \/>\n(14) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 -\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.<br \/>\n(15) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 11 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644).<br \/>\n(16) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0624\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \/ \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<br \/>\n(17) \u0648(18) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n(19) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n(20) \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 37 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n(21) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3\/228) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (42).<br \/>\n(22) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (3\/232) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (42).<br \/>\n\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f. \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064c \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=37699\">https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=37699<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36031\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36031\" style=\"width: 205px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-36031\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-268x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"205\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-268x300.jpg 268w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-134x150.jpg 134w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.jpg 402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36031\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628) \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 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