{"id":35526,"date":"2026-06-05T00:22:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T21:22:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=35526"},"modified":"2026-06-05T00:22:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T21:22:14","slug":"%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=35526","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631: \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u201c\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631: \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u201d<\/span>
\n[Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder]<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI Platforms) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 (Amazon):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 (New York Times) – \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631” (Antifragile) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 “\u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648” (Incerto) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Nassim Nicholas Taleb)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629: <\/span>
\n1. “\u062e\u062f\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629” (Fooled by Randomness)\u060c \u0648<\/span>
\n2. “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621” (The Black Swan)\u060c \u0648<\/span>
\n3. ” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643: \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 ” (Skin in the Game)\u060c \u0648<\/span>
\n4. “\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a” (The Bed of Procrustes).<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621” \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f “\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628” \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631” (Antifragile) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621” (The Black Swan)\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631” (Antifragile)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 (Uncertainty) \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/span>
\n1. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 ” City-State” (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629) \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Nation-State)\u061f \u0648<\/span>
\n2. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u061f \u0648<\/span>
\n3. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 “\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627\u064b” \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u061f \u0648<\/span>
\n4. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u061f \u0648<\/span>
\n5. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u061f \u0648<\/span>
\n6. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643 (Titanic) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u061f<\/span>
\n\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (trial and error)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 “\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646” (Fat Tony) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Brooklyn)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Roman)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Greek)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Semitic)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Medieval)\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631” \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621” (Black Swan). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f “\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628” \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a (The Economist): ” \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631… \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629”.<\/span>
\n2. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643 (Newsweek): “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 . . . \u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0642”.<\/span>
\n3. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Chicago Tribune): “\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 . . . \u064a\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f [\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628] \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637”.<\/span>
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a (Matt Ridley)\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 (The Wall Street Journal): “\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 . . . \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 . . . \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b”.<\/span>
\n5. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (New Statesman): “\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639 . . . \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b… \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b”.<\/span>
\n6. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0646 (Fortune): “\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631) \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u063a\u062f\u0629”.<\/span>
\n7. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 (Los Angeles Times): “\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f”.<\/span>
\n8. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 (Harvard Business Review): “\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f [\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628] \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 (David Hume) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632 (Rev. Bayes)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0631 (Norbert Weiner) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646 (Laurence Sterne) … \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u2014 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u062b\u0642 \u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631”.<\/span>
\n9. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Mohamed El-Erian)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0648 (PIMCO)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a (Bloomberg): “\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Nassim Nicholas Taleb) \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (Essayist) \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 (Chance)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 (Luck)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (Probability)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0631” (Flaneur) – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0643\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Trader)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (New York University)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a (U. Mass Amherst).<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 “\u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648” (Incerto) \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646” (Uncertainty) \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 (Skin in the Game)<\/span>
\n2. \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631: \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 (Antifragile)<\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (The Black Swan)<\/span>
\n4. \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633: \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (The Bed of Procrustes)<\/span>
\n5. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (Fooled by Randomness)<\/span>
\n6. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635: “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629) (Statistical Consequences of Fat Tails).<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 “\u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Statistical Physics)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a (Quantitative Finance)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 (Genetics)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (International Affairs). \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 “\u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 250 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0640 50 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636**<\/span> (Blinkist) \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 –<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 (fragile items) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (stress)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (antifragile items) \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (volatility and shock).<\/span>
\n\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c (Glass) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 (Please Handle with Care)”\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0634\u0651 (Fragile)\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 (fragility) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629 (volatile situations). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Robust) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 (harm). \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647: “\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629” (please handle roughly).<\/span>
\n\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (antifragile) \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 (Fragility) – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (shock) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (tranquility).<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (antifragility) \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627 (Hydra) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Greek mythology). \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0632\u0639\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 – \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (evolutionary process)\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629 (volatile environment). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (Evolution) \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (Antifragile)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0634\u0651 (Fragile). \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (Evolution)\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629”(Genetic Code) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (Evolution) \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (Antifragile). \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (Antifragile)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0623 (trial and error). \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 (extinction)\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f (economy). \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 (start-up) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (exercising) \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (stressors)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a (treadmill)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f (overcompensating): \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0626\u062f (adversity).<\/span>
\n\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 (redundant resources) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a (common sense) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 (redundancy) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f (Overcompensation) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 (Redundancy) \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u2014 \u0642\u064f\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 (Piano) \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 – \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (natural or biological systems). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 (robust). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 (washing machine) \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 (artificial systems) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Biological) \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 (complexity)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 (interdependent layers and sub-units).<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (sub-units) \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Regulations) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Subsidies) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (economic cycle). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064f\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 – \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Global Currency Markets) \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 (highly volatile global currency markets)\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Traders) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Economic Theory) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Theoretical Knowledge) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Practical Knowledge). \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b (Pilot) \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (options): \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 (stock options) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0633\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 (Stock Market) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 “\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b (option). \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 – \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 (Volatility) \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 (Uncertainty)\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Economic Collapses) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Natural Disasters)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 “\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639” \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 (domesticate the uncertainty)\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0628\u0644 “\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644” (barbell strategy): \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 (disastrous risks). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 (Market Collapses) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 (upsides) \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 (downside) \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10% \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0636\u0639 100% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (medium risk). \u0641\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 – \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (unexpected crises):<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 (Iceland). \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Airline) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0629 (squeeze) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0632\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (options).<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642\u061b \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (university delegation) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Economy Seats) \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (Private Jet). \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 (Globalization) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a (Squeezes) \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649. \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 (Japan) \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 (Brazil). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 (Dominoes) \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0641\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Economic Squeeze) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Financial Crisis) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Financial Experts) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (Business Schools) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f “\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629” (skin in the game)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Bankers) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 (skin in the game). \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u201c (medieval Catalonia)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Bonuses) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 – \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Economic Cycle) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f (boom and bust) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Human Knowledge)\u060c \u0646\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c” (na\u00efve interventionism). \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635: \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (Forest):<\/span>
\n\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 (Flammable Materials) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 – \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a” (turkey problem) \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 (October)\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0626 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0643\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 (Thanksgiving Day)\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0643.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (Business Schools) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Strategists) \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (Risk Managers)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0640 “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 [\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629=\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627]<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 (Contingency Plans) \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (Fail-Safes) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 (Worst-Case Scenario). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u061b \u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (Fukushima nuclear reactor) \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 (Earthquake) \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u062f\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Industrial Revolution) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Theoretical Knowledge) \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 (tinkering). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0629 (submarine) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a (Rev. George Garrett)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (trial and error). \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (deterministic reasons) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0641\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a (Discoveries) \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Theoretical Knowledge) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (randomness)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (Antifragility) \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u2014<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 (Antifragility)\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/span>
\n1. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n2. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/span>
\n3. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (extra capacity).<\/span>
\n4. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2014<\/strong> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/span>
\n1. \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n2. \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n3. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u2014<\/strong> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/span>
\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n2. \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641.<\/span>
\n3. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a” \u2014 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span>
\n4. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. “\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649”.<\/span>
\n2. “\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646”.<\/span>
\n3. “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646”.<\/span>
\n4. “\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629”. [\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629=\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0643 \u0644\u0647.<\/span>
\n2. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0622\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n3. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0643\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631) \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/span>
\n4. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span>
\n5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0632\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n6. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u2014 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n7. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\n8. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629.<\/span>
\n9. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

**<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 (Blinkist) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0 \u201c\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631: \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u201d [Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder] \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":35541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-31","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35526"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35545,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35526\/revisions\/35545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/35541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}