{"id":35137,"date":"2026-05-20T10:53:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T07:53:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=35137"},"modified":"2026-05-20T11:00:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T08:00:59","slug":"%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%ac3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=35137","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u062c3) \u2013 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e” \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628 (\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 : \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2726\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2726 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
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\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0651\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0651\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1401\u0647\u0640) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2726 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 ( \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f ) \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1387\u0647\u0640\/1966\u0645) \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1394\u0647\u0640 \/ 1973\u0645) \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1397\u0647\u0640\/1976\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1401\u0647\u0640 \/1981\u0645) \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a: –<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1402\u0647\u0640 \/1982\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1420\u0647\u0640 \/2000\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0640 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1382\u0647\u0640.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u2726 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f”\u060c \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1388\u0647\u0640 \/1967\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1396\u0647\u0640 \/1975\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u063a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u060c\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634: –<\/strong>
\n————————————
\n(1) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642.
\n\u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0641\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621.
\n\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/span>\u00a0https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=34723<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/span>\u00a0https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=34890<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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