{"id":33675,"date":"2026-02-23T13:34:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T10:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=33675"},"modified":"2026-03-29T00:44:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T21:44:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%af-%d9%88%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b4%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a3%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=33675","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0647: \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 &#8211; \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f 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alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/b6843ee9-6f36-4324-8701-7caf3ac22b6d-164x300.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/b6843ee9-6f36-4324-8701-7caf3ac22b6d-559x1024.jpg 559w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/b6843ee9-6f36-4324-8701-7caf3ac22b6d-82x150.jpg 82w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/b6843ee9-6f36-4324-8701-7caf3ac22b6d-838x1536.jpg 838w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/b6843ee9-6f36-4324-8701-7caf3ac22b6d.jpg 873w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639) \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631: \u0623\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0643\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33691 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7-170x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7-170x300.jpg 170w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7-580x1024.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7-85x150.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7-768x1355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7-871x1536.jpg 871w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/14b40e04-8d71-457e-be4e-ed5c04952cd7.jpg 907w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f: <\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 (\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629) \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a:<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 &#8211; \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 -\u0623\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629- \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631):<\/span> \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b).<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/span> \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 -\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33692 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7fe11144-86f3-42f9-a9a0-68778901c2dd-300x292.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7fe11144-86f3-42f9-a9a0-68778901c2dd-300x292.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7fe11144-86f3-42f9-a9a0-68778901c2dd-1024x996.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7fe11144-86f3-42f9-a9a0-68778901c2dd-150x146.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7fe11144-86f3-42f9-a9a0-68778901c2dd-768x747.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7fe11144-86f3-42f9-a9a0-68778901c2dd.jpg 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064f\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644: (\u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0630\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644 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\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 (\u0634\u0630\u0628: \u0634\u0648\u0630\u0628) \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0630\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008080;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33694 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/299b61c2-f0a4-42b3-ac2f-27745ce2f346-268x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/299b61c2-f0a4-42b3-ac2f-27745ce2f346-268x300.jpg 268w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/299b61c2-f0a4-42b3-ac2f-27745ce2f346-913x1024.jpg 913w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/299b61c2-f0a4-42b3-ac2f-27745ce2f346-134x150.jpg 134w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/299b61c2-f0a4-42b3-ac2f-27745ce2f346-768x861.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/299b61c2-f0a4-42b3-ac2f-27745ce2f346.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/span> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0661\u0661\u0660\u0660 &#8211; \u0668\u0660\u0660 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0661\u0662 \u0648 \u0661\u0660 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0669 &#8211; \u0668 \u0642.\u0645.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 (\u0668\u0660\u0660 &#8211; \u0665\u0660\u0660 \u0642.\u0645.) \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/span> (\u0645\u0646 \u0665\u0660\u0660 \u0642.\u0645. &#8211; \u0663\u0660\u0660 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629:<\/span> (\u0663\u0660\u0660 &#8211; \u0665\u0665\u0660 \u0645) \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644:<\/span> (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0665\u0665\u0660 &#8211; \u0666\u0660\u0660\u0645) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008080;\">\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33696 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126-182x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"351\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126-182x300.jpg 182w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126-621x1024.jpg 621w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126-91x150.jpg 91w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126-768x1267.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126-931x1536.jpg 931w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7738d9a2-bd3c-4181-8b88-ca9c691d0126.jpg 970w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 (\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f):<\/span> \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642.\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a (\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0643\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0667 &#8211; \u0666 \u0642.\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33695 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590-187x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590-640x1024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590-94x150.jpg 94w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590-768x1229.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590-960x1536.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6eab1192-8721-4c44-990c-b26d7d10d590.jpg 999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 (\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0648\/ \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646):<\/span> \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639):<\/span> \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u0628 \u0630\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a (\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0629):<\/span> \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0637.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 (\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0631\/ \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644) \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a:<\/span> \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629:<\/span> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a (\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646):<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 80 % \u0625\u0644\u0649 90 % \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a (CSAI) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644 (CSAI) \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33697 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e19c8944-042a-4859-b881-95de29c589d9-260x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e19c8944-042a-4859-b881-95de29c589d9-260x300.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e19c8944-042a-4859-b881-95de29c589d9-888x1024.jpg 888w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e19c8944-042a-4859-b881-95de29c589d9-130x150.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e19c8944-042a-4859-b881-95de29c589d9-768x885.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e19c8944-042a-4859-b881-95de29c589d9.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0646 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d59c870c-d4cb-4c13-9de8-38421180eab7-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d59c870c-d4cb-4c13-9de8-38421180eab7-631x1024.jpg 631w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d59c870c-d4cb-4c13-9de8-38421180eab7-92x150.jpg 92w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d59c870c-d4cb-4c13-9de8-38421180eab7-768x1246.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d59c870c-d4cb-4c13-9de8-38421180eab7-947x1536.jpg 947w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/d59c870c-d4cb-4c13-9de8-38421180eab7.jpg 986w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\/\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0639\u0642\u0631\u0628\/ \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33699 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8a8d54ee-0079-421d-9f6f-bf8cca08600c-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"351\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8a8d54ee-0079-421d-9f6f-bf8cca08600c-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8a8d54ee-0079-421d-9f6f-bf8cca08600c-728x1024.jpg 728w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8a8d54ee-0079-421d-9f6f-bf8cca08600c-107x150.jpg 107w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8a8d54ee-0079-421d-9f6f-bf8cca08600c-768x1080.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8a8d54ee-0079-421d-9f6f-bf8cca08600c.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0643\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 (\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644) \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0630\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637) \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u062d \u0631 \u0645 \u0644) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647): \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647: (\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0645) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u062f.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649:(\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064e) \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33700 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-1024x607.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-150x89.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-768x455.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-1536x910.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 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\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0640 \u0661\u0668 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0663\u0662 \u0633\u0646\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 Ryckmahs 506) (RY 506)), \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0650\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0632 (Ryckmans) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 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\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-34191 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3e7d82a2-84bf-46f9-9e8c-8e7930629cff-211x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3e7d82a2-84bf-46f9-9e8c-8e7930629cff-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3e7d82a2-84bf-46f9-9e8c-8e7930629cff-720x1024.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3e7d82a2-84bf-46f9-9e8c-8e7930629cff-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3e7d82a2-84bf-46f9-9e8c-8e7930629cff-768x1092.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3e7d82a2-84bf-46f9-9e8c-8e7930629cff.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/731a50dd-5204-4e9a-8fea-455793ad68f9.jpg 887w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 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\u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(\u0646\u0642\u0634) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ancient South Arabian Inscription).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(\u0646\u0642\u0634) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ancient North Arabian Inscription).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b 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\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: <\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33703 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892-300x175.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"506\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892-1024x596.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892-150x87.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892-768x447.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892-1536x895.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9a3ac41a-88e3-4086-876b-b5c4c4ba5892.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <strong>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0661. \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 (\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0645) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0662. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0663. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0664. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0643\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0665. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0666. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0669\u0668 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0627 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33702 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f-1536x804.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/97b10b42-ca85-48c1-a16a-79ff8ad6048f.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b 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style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33704 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e-189x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e-646x1024.jpg 646w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e-768x1218.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e-969x1536.jpg 969w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a3874925-976e-415b-a70b-c367d270fa1e.jpg 1009w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 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src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"504\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-1024x693.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-768x520.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-1536x1039.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e-110x75.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dd509f09-4db5-4b47-9b63-03c3df442d1e.jpg 1596w\" 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23751735-4fbe-40a1-9f08-2e748c6bbbd2-129x150.jpg 129w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23751735-4fbe-40a1-9f08-2e748c6bbbd2-768x895.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23751735-4fbe-40a1-9f08-2e748c6bbbd2.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: <\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a 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\u0646\u0642\u0634.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062c 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height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0fbecbd2-5758-4647-8664-dfbdfc80d3a4-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0fbecbd2-5758-4647-8664-dfbdfc80d3a4-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0fbecbd2-5758-4647-8664-dfbdfc80d3a4-150x93.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0fbecbd2-5758-4647-8664-dfbdfc80d3a4-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0fbecbd2-5758-4647-8664-dfbdfc80d3a4-1536x950.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0fbecbd2-5758-4647-8664-dfbdfc80d3a4.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 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\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33709 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798-1024x637.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798-150x93.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798-768x477.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798-1536x955.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/02de5f62-be35-4182-b6f2-b22e05fde798.jpg 1599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0665\u0668) \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a (\u0641 \u0636 \u0644: \u0641\u0636\u0644) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a4\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a (Fred V. Winnet) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33710 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/a5543428-f989-4104-807d-6dc13e75ac70.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0666\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645 (Albert Jimme) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649: (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Thamudic &amp; Southern Arabian Musnad) \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0648: <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(Sabaean and Hassean Inscription from Saudi Arabia) \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 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\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0661\u0669 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/9f5d440a-0bcb-42b9-9b52-9c2601a22270.jpg 1055w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2026b4ff-e63d-4ea6-acb1-119d0a69bfea.jpg 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e059cf5c-7d9b-4c9d-a602-6fab4a1436b1-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e059cf5c-7d9b-4c9d-a602-6fab4a1436b1-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e059cf5c-7d9b-4c9d-a602-6fab4a1436b1-768x1207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e059cf5c-7d9b-4c9d-a602-6fab4a1436b1-977x1536.jpg 977w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e059cf5c-7d9b-4c9d-a602-6fab4a1436b1.jpg 1018w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0644 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33718 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/998e1fd9-ed12-4bb8-bd20-8a43fafa72f2-300x226.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/998e1fd9-ed12-4bb8-bd20-8a43fafa72f2-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/998e1fd9-ed12-4bb8-bd20-8a43fafa72f2-1024x773.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/998e1fd9-ed12-4bb8-bd20-8a43fafa72f2-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/998e1fd9-ed12-4bb8-bd20-8a43fafa72f2-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/998e1fd9-ed12-4bb8-bd20-8a43fafa72f2.jpg 1406w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33714 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998-187x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"406\" height=\"651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998-640x1024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998-94x150.jpg 94w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998-768x1229.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998-960x1536.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/511d69b9-7a90-4318-8d80-47316911c998.jpg 999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0646 \u0663\u0664 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0663\u0667)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0665\u0666) \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u0662\u0669 \u0648 \u0663\u0660).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33715 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f-196x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f-668x1024.jpg 668w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f-98x150.jpg 98w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f-768x1178.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f-1001x1536.jpg 1001w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/23156ff2-ed3b-41c5-b70d-95f0b3ee606f.jpg 1043w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 &#8220;\u062c\u0634\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0648&#8221; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0628). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33716 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/befaf1c0-3aab-4892-8a71-6fd611745328-229x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/befaf1c0-3aab-4892-8a71-6fd611745328-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/befaf1c0-3aab-4892-8a71-6fd611745328-782x1024.jpg 782w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/befaf1c0-3aab-4892-8a71-6fd611745328-115x150.jpg 115w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/befaf1c0-3aab-4892-8a71-6fd611745328-768x1006.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/befaf1c0-3aab-4892-8a71-6fd611745328.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631 (Muller) \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 (Robin) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u06a4\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Wissmann) \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33717 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d-1024x607.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d-150x89.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d-768x456.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d-1536x911.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/be86cebd-fb76-4876-859e-9569414a038d.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 (\u0661\u0662 \u0648 \u0663\u0661) \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Hellenistic Era) \u060c <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0669\u0660\u0660 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0661\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33706 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8501d0be-7180-4490-98c5-90a4bf4ad89b-188x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"402\" height=\"641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8501d0be-7180-4490-98c5-90a4bf4ad89b-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8501d0be-7180-4490-98c5-90a4bf4ad89b-641x1024.jpg 641w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8501d0be-7180-4490-98c5-90a4bf4ad89b-94x150.jpg 94w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0650\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33705 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6004bcec-888b-4597-b3f2-58983a89ac2b-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"407\" height=\"611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6004bcec-888b-4597-b3f2-58983a89ac2b-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6004bcec-888b-4597-b3f2-58983a89ac2b-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6004bcec-888b-4597-b3f2-58983a89ac2b-768x1151.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6004bcec-888b-4597-b3f2-58983a89ac2b-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/6004bcec-888b-4597-b3f2-58983a89ac2b.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0663\u0665 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (Ociana) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 (\u0661 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0662\u0668) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 (\u0665\u0661 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0665\u0665) \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: (\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0631) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0663\u0663) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0663\u0668).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33700 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"509\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-1024x607.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-150x89.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-768x455.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484-1536x910.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/36d94cf8-c274-44eb-aeea-956611729484.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631 (Capt.W.H.Shakespear) \u0642\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0661\u0661\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u062c\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0664\u0666) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: (\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628) \u0627\u064a: \u0648\u062f (\u0647\u0648) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0646 \u0661\u0666\u0665\u0660 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0661\u0662\u0665\u0660 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0650\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33719 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971-185x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971-630x1024.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971-92x150.jpg 92w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971-768x1248.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971-946x1536.jpg 946w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/7c758b06-a083-43cd-9449-a01ff9c8f971.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a: \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a: \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0631\u064e\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33720 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5-300x182.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5-1024x620.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5-150x91.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5-768x465.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5-1536x930.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/baee2bd0-d9ba-44fc-b511-e61d60b29ef5.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0664\u0667) \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0664\u0668). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33721 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/00267dd6-125a-4201-be04-75efb738bcb4.jpg 1595w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0627\u0646 (\u0664\u0667) \u0648 (\u0664\u0668) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a <strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u064a\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062d\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648(\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631): \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0648\u0641) \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0622\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u06a4\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Wissman) 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14pt;\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0627 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/f894a8cf-d11c-4ba0-a568-79ee742c880b-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/f894a8cf-d11c-4ba0-a568-79ee742c880b-1536x974.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/f894a8cf-d11c-4ba0-a568-79ee742c880b.jpg 1599w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 -\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062a- \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-33722 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d-185x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"302\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d-632x1024.jpg 632w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d-93x150.jpg 93w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d-768x1245.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d-948x1536.jpg 948w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/8bf0e0c8-32cf-4bf4-abee-b2a0fe70e62d.jpg 987w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 &#8211; UNESCO). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627 (CSAI) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 [(CIH): Corpus of South Arabian Inscription].<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f (Unicode) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631- \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646- \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(\u0646\u0642\u0634) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ancient South Arabian Inscription).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(\u0646\u0642\u0634) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Ancient North Arabian Inscription).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0668 \u0648 \u0669 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0645\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0627 (\u0661\u0664\u0660\u0660 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b (\u0661\u0668\u0660\u0660\u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1. \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629: \u062f. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2. &#8220;\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629&#8221; : \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0661\u0666 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662\u0645 &#8211; \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0661\u0664\u0663\u0663 \u0647\u062c.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0631.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">5. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">6. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">7. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">8. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">9. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">10. Sabaic Dictionary: A.F.L. Beeston et al.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">11. The Coinage of the Southern Arabian Kingdoms: George C. Miles.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">12. \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 (\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">13. \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a).<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">14. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631) Hermann Von Wissmann\/Eduard Glasser.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">15. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631): &#8220;\u062d\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a&#8221; &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">SaudiPedia- Ain Jawan Archaeological Sit.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20632\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20632\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20632\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a-\u0635-e1685639582692-221x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a-\u0635-e1685639582692-221x300.jpeg 221w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a-\u0635-e1685639582692-754x1024.jpeg 754w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a-\u0635-e1685639582692-110x150.jpeg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a-\u0635-e1685639582692-768x1043.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a-\u0635-e1685639582692.jpeg 981w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20632\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-21","category-16"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33675"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34192,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33675\/revisions\/34192"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}