{"id":33033,"date":"2026-01-07T06:55:40","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T03:55:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=33033"},"modified":"2026-01-07T06:55:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T03:55:40","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2050-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=33033","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Science in 2050: the future breakthroughs that will shape our world \u2014 and beyond
\n(David Adam – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062f\u0645)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 [\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f] \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: “\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u0635\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631” (Nature)!<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631” \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2100 (\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 [\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644] \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 “\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f “\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643” \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: “\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e”. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2040 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. (\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 “go.nature.com\/4prom5j”). \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631: “\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646”. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641: “\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0638\u0631\u0647”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629(1)<\/sup> \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0637\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631]: “\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645”. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633” (Climeworks) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631 \/ \u063a\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 [\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a]\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0643\u064a: “\u0633\u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u061f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 [\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631]\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644” (2024) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (Futurology) – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 – \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064d \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645”. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641: “\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064f \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Antimatter Detector) \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b \/ \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 “\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0643\u0633” \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0623\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a” \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: “\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2027 \u06482028. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a” (2014)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 “\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629” \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064f\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629[1]<\/sup> (attosecond laser pulse)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649(2)<\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648: “\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 “\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0632” (Futures): “\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0643\u064a: “\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627”.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641: “\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 – \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 – \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: “\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0651”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a – \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0643\u064a. “\u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629” – \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646: “\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064d \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 (\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u062a “\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646”)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050(3)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633”[2]<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. “\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633” \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050: \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636(4)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0623\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0627: “\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0644”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0631: “\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638” – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 – \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631” \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050. <\/span>\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong>
\n1. Brasseur, G. et al. Front. Clim. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fclim.2025.1554685 (2025).
\n2. Esat, T. et al. Nature Nanotechnol. 19, 1466\u20131471 (2024).
\n3. Hiltunen, E. J. Future Stud. (in the press).
\n4. Heller, R. & Kiss, L. L. Preprint at arXiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1911.12114 (2019) .
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-04100-6<\/a>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong>
\n[1] \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (as) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (10\u207b\u00b9\u2078 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 “\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: https:\/\/www.physics.hku.hk\/~ttluu\/AttosecondScience.html
\n[2] \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633” \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0635\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b “\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0644” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f (telepresence)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u201c\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: https:\/\/etc.cmu.edu\/our-work\/projects\/finder\/claytronics<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Science in 2050: the future breakthroughs that will shape our world \u2014 and beyond (David Adam – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062f\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,40,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-10","category-40","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33033"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33039,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33033\/revisions\/33039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}