{"id":33016,"date":"2026-01-04T09:39:59","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T06:39:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=33016"},"modified":"2026-01-04T09:39:59","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T06:39:59","slug":"%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%af-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=33016","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u201c\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u201d<\/span>
\n[More Than Words: How Talking Sharpens the Mind and Shapes Our World]<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\n\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (Psycholinguistics) \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f (Maryellen MacDonald) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (Psycholinguistics) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb (More Than Words) \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (Psycholinguistics)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 (Speech Production) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (Working Memory) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 (Production\u2013Distribution\u2013Comprehension Theory \u2013 PDC)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u201d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 (Power)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Identity)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Technology)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (Artificial Intelligence \u2013 AI)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Language Models). \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 (Amazon):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641 (Maryanne Wolf)\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u00ab\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u00bb (Proust and the Squid) \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u00bb (Reader Come Home)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u00ab\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f (Maryellen MacDonald)\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u201c\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u201d \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u00bb.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50%\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 ” \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a”\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f (Maryellen MacDonald) \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (Psycholinguistics) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Cognitive Science)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Professor Emerita) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison).<\/span>
\n\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 (University of California, Los Angeles \u2013 UCLA)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Stanford University)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (MIT)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 (USC)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 (Carnegie Mellon University). <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a (Real-time Language Processing)<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 (Language Production & Comprehension)<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 (Language, Memory & Attention)<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span>
\n\u062d\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Cognitive Science Society Fellow)<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Association for Psychological Science \u2013 APS)<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (National Science Foundation \u2013 NSF) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 (NIH). \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636**<\/span>\u00a0(Blinkist) \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u201c\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u2013<\/strong> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 – \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 “\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631” \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 – \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0624\u0630\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 – \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u2014 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0643 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0643. \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0645\u0643<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629” (elaborative processing)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u062f deliberate teaching\u00bb: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 – \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0632\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a cognitive reserves\u00bb \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631. \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0633\u0639\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b” \u0648 “\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0646\u064f\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0643.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0629 (\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
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**<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 (Blinkist) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0 \u201c\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u201d [More Than Words: How Talking Sharpens the Mind and Shapes Our World] \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,29,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-42","category-29","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33016"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33023,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33016\/revisions\/33023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}