{"id":32603,"date":"2025-12-09T10:15:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T07:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=32603"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:15:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T07:15:36","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a1-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=32603","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u2013 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 8- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631 9\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a 10\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 11\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0633 12\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u062d\u064a 13- \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0645: (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 – \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 (\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628) \u2013 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645: (\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0634\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0646). <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1402\u0647\u0640 \/ 1981\u0645)(2)<\/sup>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a 2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a 3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 4- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f 5\u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0642 6\u2013 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 7\u2013 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u064a 8\u2013 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 9\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639. <\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 10- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 11\u2013 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a 12\u2013 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 13\u2013 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 14\u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u062d\u064a.<\/span>
\n\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1406\u0647\u0640.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1391\u0647\u0640 \/ 1971\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645: <\/span>
\n* \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a <\/span>
\n* \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645: <\/span>
\n(\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0634\u0627\u062a” \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 (1396\u0647\u0640 \/1976\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645: <\/span>
\n(\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u2013 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f-\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 \u2013 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1402\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 – \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a. <\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1402\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1405\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 (1398\u0647\u0640\/1976\u0645)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 2- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a 3\u2013 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 4\u2013 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 5- \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a 6-\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 7- \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0646 8-\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 9- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 10- \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 11- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1401\u0647\u0640\/1979\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u2013 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u2013 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a \u2013 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 \u2013 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0642] \u0648\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0634\u0627\u062a” \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"(\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 3- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 4- \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 5- \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 6- \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 7- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 8- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631 9- \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 10-\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 11- \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 2- \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 3- \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 4- \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639.<\/span><\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 6- \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645 7- \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628 8- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 9- \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0646 10- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 1403\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1403\u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 2- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 3-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 4- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f 5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0634\u0627\u062a” –<\/span><\/span>
\n6- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0633.<\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 7- \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 8- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 9- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 10- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 1406\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1406\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0628\u0643\u064a 2- \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a 3\u2013 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 4\u2013 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e 5\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 6\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631.<\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 7- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644” 8\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 9\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a 10\u2013 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632 11\u2013 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 <\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 – \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1-\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0632\u064a 2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062e\u064a 3- \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0645 4- \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 5- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 6\u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 7\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 8- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a)(3)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 2- \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 3- \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629) \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 1394\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1394\u0647\u0640 \/1984\u0645) \u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 1405\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1405\u0647\u0640 \/ 1984\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 2- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 3- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 4- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0632\u064a 5- \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a <\/span><\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 6- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 7- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a 8- \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0634\u064a 9- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0634\u064a 2- \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 3- \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0643 4- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0645 5- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 6- \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a.<\/span><\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 7- \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 8- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644 9- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 10- \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0645 2- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644 3- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 4- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 5- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 6- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a.<\/span><\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 7- \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 8- \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 9- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 10- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a <\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1407\u0647\u0640 \/1885\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1-\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 2- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 3\u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 4- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0645 5- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 6- \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 7- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0629 8- \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 9- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 10- \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 11- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0634.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1415\u0647\u0640 \/ 1993\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645: (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 1- \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 2- \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 3- \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0631 4- \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 5- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644.<\/span>
\n(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): 6- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645 7- \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a 8 \u2013 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 9 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 10- \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u062d\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u062d\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
(\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 1413\u0647\u0640 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0639 – \u0631\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 -.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
(\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 – \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d” \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0632\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1403\u0647\u0640.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: <\/span>https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=32372<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631:<\/span><\/strong>
\n1- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a<\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 <\/span>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a<\/span>
\n5- \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a<\/span>
\n6- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/span>
\n(1) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1392\u0647\u0640) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/span>
\n(2) \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1402\u0647\u0640\/1980\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 32 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646).<\/span>
\n(3) \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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