{"id":31858,"date":"2025-10-30T06:28:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T03:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=31858"},"modified":"2025-10-30T06:28:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T03:28:28","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%ad-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=31858","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1. \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1 (\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (IARC) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f):<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA):<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a” (DNA adducts)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (ALDH) \u060c \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase) \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629:<\/span> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a (CNS). \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633:<\/span> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0621:<\/span> \u064a\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0624)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645:<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f:<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0640 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f (\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a:<\/span> \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/span> \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u064a\u0646\u064a).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a:<\/span> \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a) \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 (WHO\/IARC) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (IARC)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WHO). \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1 (\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631):<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644).<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 2A (\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631):<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 2B (\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631):<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 3 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631):<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (60-95%) \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

4. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WHO) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 60-95% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (ECHA):<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 (ECHA) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0637”. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (REACH) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0640 “\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629” \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f (\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1) \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 (Hazard-Based) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a (Risk-Based)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/span>
\n\u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span>
\n1. \u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 (Isopropanol):<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds – QACs):<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646:<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a (20 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646):<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Risk-Based Approach) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 (Hazard-Based Approach). \u0641\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u061f <\/span><\/strong>\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 “REACH\/CLP” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 “ECHA”).<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646:<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Biocidal Products Regulation)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 (ECHA) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644) \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646” \u0641\u064a (ECHA):<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (ECHA) \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Hazard): \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062f) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644) \u0643\u0640 “\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646” \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629) \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u063a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629].<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
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