{"id":31464,"date":"2025-10-01T11:10:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T08:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=31464"},"modified":"2025-10-01T11:10:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T08:10:40","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=31464","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629…. \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 24 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f “\u062c\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0627\u0646” (\u062f\u0643\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0651\u0635\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 2.7 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 1.40 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062e”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 130 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0650\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0633 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0629”<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f” – \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0647 – \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f (\u062a: 1389\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (\u062a: 1373\u0647\u0640) \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

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(\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f ” \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 ” (\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u064c\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640 ” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 “\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: –<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0634\u0649: \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0631\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0636\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0622\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0632\u064a\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1968\u0645\/ 1388\u0647\u0640) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f” (\u062a:1410\u0647\u0640) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1400\u0647\u0640.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 ” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 ” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: –<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a (\u062a:1352\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0622\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 (\u062a: 1362\u0647\u0640).<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0628 (\u062a: 1357\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u062a :1424\u0647\u0640) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0651 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n
  5. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong>
    \n\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640
    \n(1) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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