{"id":30631,"date":"2025-08-20T10:09:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T07:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=30631"},"modified":"2025-08-20T10:09:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T07:09:05","slug":"%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=30631","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646] \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u201d<\/span>
\n[Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness]<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (Cynics) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Cynicism)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0633 (Antisthenes) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a (Diogenes of Sinope)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 (Amazon):<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f Stanford) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a (Dr. Jamil Zaki) \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u2013 “\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 (\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a Adam Grant)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 (New York Times).<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 (Hopeful Skepticism) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0630\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: <\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a (Jamil Zaki) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Stanford University)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Stanford Social Neuroscience Laboratory). \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Social Influence)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (Pro-social Behavior)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 (Empathy). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a (Cognitive Neuroscience) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 (Boston University)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 (Ph.D.) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 (Psychology) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 (Columbia University)\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (Harvard Center for Brain Science).<\/span>
\n\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a (Society for Social and Affective Neuroscience)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Society for Personality and Social Psychology)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a (Cognitive Neuroscience Society)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (American Psychological Association)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f (Harvard University) \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Stanford University). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers \u2013 PECASE)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Science Communication)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:\u00a0<\/span>(The New York Times\u060c The Washington Post\u060c The Atlantic\u060c The Wall Street Journal\u060c Harvard Business Review\u060c \u0648The New Yorker).<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/span>
\n1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 (The War for Kindness: Building Empathy in a Fractured World) (2019)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness<\/span>)<\/span>\u00a0(2024))\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636**<\/span> (Blinkist) \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 –<\/strong> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u201d (smart cynic) \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627 (Athens) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a (Diogenes of Sinope)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629: \u201c\u0623\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u201d. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 (Cynicism) \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633 (Diogenes) \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0643\u0648\u0646) \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Cynicism) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0634\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643 (Walter Cook) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a (Donald Medley) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u201c\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645\u201d \u0648 \u201d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f\u201d. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0627\u064b. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064f\u0632\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 (COVID-19) \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0626 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631: \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 (House, M.D.) \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0640 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 (Noir). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0630\u0651\u062c \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0642\u0649.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 “\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631” (Cynical Genius Illusion) \u2013 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 200,000 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a 30 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u061f \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 (Toronto Star) \u0628\u0646\u062b\u0631 20 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0631\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f\u062a 16 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u201d.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 17,000 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 40 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u061f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u2013 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 80\u066a.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u061f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Negativity Bias) \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 (attention economy)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1989 \u06482020\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (FBI) \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 50\u066a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (World Happiness Report) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 (COVID-19).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (Solutions Journalism). \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f (Fixes) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 (New York Times) \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f ((WORTH) Women Overcoming Recidivism Through Hard Work)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u062a Connecticut) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Negativity Bias) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0649:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a (Soviet Union) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (United States)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u061f \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 (\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0628) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640 (KGB) \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0641 (Yuri Andropov)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Operation RYaN)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646 (Pentagon) \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Democrats) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Republicans) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0649 (Echo Chambers) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Democrats) \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Republicans) \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Republicans) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Democrats) \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u201d (Conflict Entrepreneurs) \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u201d (Nut Picking)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a (\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 Colombia)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u201c\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u201d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644: \u201c\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u061f\u201d.<\/span>
\n2. \u0627\u0633\u0639\u064e \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a.<\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\n4. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u201c\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u201d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 (Hopeful Skepticism) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

**<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 (Blinkist) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u201d [Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness] \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":30635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,42,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-30","category-42","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30631"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30637,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30631\/revisions\/30637"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/30635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}