{"id":30461,"date":"2025-08-21T12:37:35","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:37:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=30461"},"modified":"2025-08-21T12:37:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:37:35","slug":"%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b1-alegerei-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=30461","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0631 “AlEgerei” \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a: (Alegei)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 (Aegei). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0645 (AlEgerei) \u0643\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064d \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"
1478 \/ 1490 Ptolemaic Map of the Arabian Peninsula<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(AlEgerei): \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 (Aegei) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 [Abucei \u0648Leaniti \u0648Themi \u0648Asateni]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c: \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u062d\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0640 [Aleger \/ Alegar \/ Aliger] \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Map_of_Ancient_Arabia_-_1720<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: “Aleger” \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0631” \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 (A).<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (g) \u0623\u0648 (gu) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c “Aleger” \u0648”Aegei” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0631” \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u064c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f (Aegei) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0642\u0651\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u0642\u0651 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648-\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
Sixth_Map_of_Asia_Which_Includes_Arabia_Felix,_Carmania,_and_the_Persian_Gulf<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(AlEgerei) \u0643\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064c \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (AlEgerei) \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064d \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064d \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064c \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064d \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 1478 \u2013 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Macoraba) (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064e\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(AlEgerei) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064d \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629\u064d \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0631, \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064d \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645: \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0646\u064d \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0632\u0648\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/blockquote>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 “AlEgerei” \u0623\u0648 “Geri”:
\n<\/strong>\u2022 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Ptolemy\u2019s Geography – 2nd century AD): \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 “Ger-” \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627.
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 (Tabulae) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 (Strabo)\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 (Pomponius Mela)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621.\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n\u2022 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Ptolemy, Claudius. Geographia (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629). \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 Tabula VI (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Geri \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u2022 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 “The Greek and Roman World” by J. Boardman et al. \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\/\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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