{"id":30089,"date":"2025-08-09T21:45:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T18:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=30089"},"modified":"2025-08-09T21:45:26","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T18:45:26","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%90-%d8%ab%d9%8e%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8f%d9%91%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=30089","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u0650 “\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u061f – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0647\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0651\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629…<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/gdcwdl.wdl_02923\/?r=0.346,0.186,0.443,0.277,0 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1720) \u2013 \u201cArabiae Veteris Typus\u201d \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Felix \u2013 Deserta \u2013 Petraea).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a\u064e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” \u0643\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064f\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064c \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636: (Tharro)\u2026 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064d \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064d \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064d \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064d \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064d \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a “\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” “Tharro” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646 “\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 [Tharro \u0623\u0648 Tharroe] (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a”.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0640”\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a” \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0641\u0638 “\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0648” \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 “Tharro” \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621 (Gerrha) \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 (Tylos) (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 “Tharro”:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a” \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 “Tharro” \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “Tharro” \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0640”\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a”.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (Tharro) \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646 “\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627” \u0648 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a” “Tharro” \u0648”Tharr\u014d” \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633… \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0638 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u2026\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u0650 \u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u064b\u0627\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645… \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u064f\u062f\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 Tarout Island: \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 Tharr\u014d (\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Tharro\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a.
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 AncientPortsAntiques \u2013 “Ancient Ports in the Indian Ocean & Gulf”: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629:\u201cTharro, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire Darin, on Tarut, Tarout Island\u201d \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 “\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646
\n\u2022 PDF \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Scribd): \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: TARO, THARRO \u0623\u0648 TWARO \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a “Tharro” \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0640”Tarut\/Tarot”
\n\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629: NABATAEA.NET \u0648 Atlas Obscura: \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640”\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629
\n\u2022 NASA Earth Observatory: \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Tarout Bay, \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 5,000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627
\n\u2022 https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19978
\n\u2022 https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18578
\n\u2022 https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18493<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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