{"id":29771,"date":"2025-06-30T09:19:59","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T06:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=29771"},"modified":"2025-06-30T09:19:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T06:19:59","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%b1-pharmacognosy-%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=29771","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 (Pharmacognosy): \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 (Pharmacognosy) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0633 (Ebers Papyrus) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1550 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627” (De Materia Medica) \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 753 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Pharmacopoeias): \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631:<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c 865-925\u0645):<\/span> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c 980-1037\u0645):<\/span> \u0644\u064f\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633” \u0648”\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621”. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0631 (\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c 1197-1248\u0645):<\/span> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629” \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1400 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 (1804) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 (1820) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627 (1831). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “Pharmacognosy” \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u063a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1815 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a “Analecta Pharmacognostica”\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 “pharmakon” (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621) \u0648”gnosis” (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Medicinal Botany):<\/span> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Phytochemistry):<\/span> \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (Pharmacology of Natural Products):<\/span> \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a (Zoopharmacognosy):<\/span> \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Marine Pharmacognosy):<\/span> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646) \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 (Biotechnology in Pharmacognosy):<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (Pharmacognostical Analysis):<\/span> \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (Paclitaxel):<\/span> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 (Taxus brevifolia)\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 (Artemisinin):<\/span> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 (Artemisia annua) \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Vincristine) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Vinblastine):<\/span> \u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627 (Catharanthus roseus)\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Digoxin):<\/span> \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 (Digitalis purpurea)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 (Cytarabine)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/span> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u063a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a:<\/span> \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 (Targeted Drug Discovery):<\/span> \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628 (In Silico Drug Design):<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Big Data Analysis):<\/span> \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629:<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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