{"id":29359,"date":"2025-06-03T08:19:52","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T05:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=29359"},"modified":"2025-06-03T08:19:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T05:19:52","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=29359","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645: \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 (Toxicology) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u2022 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/strong><\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a:<\/strong><\/span> \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627:<\/strong><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> <\/span>\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633 (1493\u20131541)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u201d\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b <\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627 (Mathieu Orfila) \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u201cTrait\u00e9 des poisons\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (FDA) \u0648(EPA) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Clinical Toxicology):<\/span> \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span>
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Environmental Toxicology):<\/span> \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Occupational Toxicology):<\/span> \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645.<\/span>
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Forensic Toxicology):<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/span>
\n5. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/span>
\n6. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a: <\/span>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: <\/span>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a: <\/span>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/span>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Nanotoxicity):<\/span> \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629:<\/span> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (PFAS):<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (Microplastics):<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u201c\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0643\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 <\/span>(Clostridium botulinum)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0633) \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 (Antivenom)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621. \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f.<\/span>
\n2. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645.<\/span>
\n3. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628.<\/span>
\n4. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645):<\/span> \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 (Toxicology) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":29367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,6,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-40","category-6","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29359"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29368,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29359\/revisions\/29368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}