{"id":29319,"date":"2025-05-31T10:25:39","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T07:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=29319"},"modified":"2025-05-31T10:25:39","modified_gmt":"2025-05-31T07:25:39","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%ad%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=29319","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 “\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646” – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (Carbon-Offset Oil Shipments) <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0647\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a” (BP) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0644 (Shell) \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0631” (Equinor).<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646). <\/span>
\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f <\/span><\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/span> [\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062f (Gold Standard) \u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627 (Verra)] \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631” (Greenwashing) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646” <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 (2010-2020) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (2015) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0634\u0644” \u0648”\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a” \u0641\u064a 2019-2020 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2050 \u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u061f <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0643” BlackRock) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062f” (Gold Standard) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a 2003 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 (World Wide Fund for Nature \u2013 WWF) \u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627” (Verra) \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a 2007 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648”\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0634\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0641” (Climate Action Reserve) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 “\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0648” (Plan Vivo Foundation) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (UNFCCC) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a “\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646” (Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition) \u0648”\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u064a” (Forest Carbon Partnership) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f” cap-and-trade) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a EU ETS). \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634” (Carbon Market Watch) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a “\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629: <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 “\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646” \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u061f <\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627) \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a “\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 30 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2025 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 ” 5 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637” \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":29321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-43","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29319"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29326,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29319\/revisions\/29326"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}