{"id":28791,"date":"2025-04-29T05:53:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T02:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=28791"},"modified":"2025-04-29T06:32:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T03:32:48","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=28791","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Natural Experiments) \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[ \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 (Randomized Controlled Trials – RCTs)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 (MRC\/NIHR) \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

[ \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648 (John Snow) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1854\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0633\u0646\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648 (John Snow)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Instrumental Variables) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

[ \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/strong><\/span> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a). <\/span>
\n– \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> <\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong><\/span> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.- \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (DV).<\/span><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 – \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 – \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/td>\n \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 – \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (DV).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n2. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629:<\/span> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/span>
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629:<\/span> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629.<\/span>
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649:<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0629 (Confounding Variables).<\/span>
\n2. \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n3. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 (Difference-in-Differences).<\/span>
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a <\/span>(New England Journal of Medicine) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 2.9% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 (2020-2022)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a (The Lancet Psychiatry) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 36,000 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 27% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a <\/span>(Environmental Health Perspectives) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (PM2.5) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

[ \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 ]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI) \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629). \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (EHRs) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a (COVID-19) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"
\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

4. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d (Propensity Score Matching) \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a (AI) \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

5. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Drug Repurposing):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

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