{"id":28513,"date":"2025-04-12T18:24:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-12T15:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=28513"},"modified":"2025-04-12T18:24:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T15:24:54","slug":"%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=28513","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 [\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629] \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span>
\n[The Psychology of Money: Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness]<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0644:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 (Amazon):<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 7 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u2026 “\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f “\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 (Same as Ever)”.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644”\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0644 (Morgan Housel 19) \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0644 (Morgan Housel) \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 (The Collaborative Fund)\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u201c\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644 (The Motley Fool)\u201d \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u201d\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 (Wall Street Journal)\u201d.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (Best in Business)\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Society of American Business Editors and Writers)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u201c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a (Sidney Award)\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 (New York Times)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0628 <\/span>(Gerald Loeb Award)\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0644 (Seattle) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 (Washington) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636**<\/span> (Blinkist) \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u2013<\/strong> \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0644 (Morgan Housel) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u061b <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 99 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629\u061b <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 – \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 (Great Depression) \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629. \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a (John F. Kennedy) \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960\u060c \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f (Harvard) \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 (Manhattan) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0631\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0642\u0629. \u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 411 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 40\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 400 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 400 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Ulrike Malmendier) \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0644 (Stefan Nagel). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u201d \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u2013 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0628\u064a (S&P 500) \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0644 poodle ” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0626\u0627\u0628.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 600 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0633 (King Alyattes) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 (Lydia) \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0628\u0633\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0646 65 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u062e\u0637\u0629 [401(k)] – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f – \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 <\/span>(Roth IRA) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998!<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0637 (Hedge funds) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a (index funds) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a \u0622\u064a (GI Bill) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 – \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0646!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0646:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0644\u0631 (Robert Schiller)\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u201d.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f. \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631 (Bhashkar Mazumder)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631 (Mazumder) \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0633 Forbes\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u0646\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u201d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u2014 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0633 (Bill Gates) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u201d. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0631 (John D. Rockefeller)\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u201d.<\/span>
\n\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0630\u0649\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638. \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a (Warren Buffett)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f. <\/span>\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0644 (baseball) \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a 500,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a (Mike Trout)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a 36 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647. \u0633\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0628\u062a 340 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 (Rajat Gupta): \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u201d \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a (McKinsey). \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/span>(Goldman Sachs) \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 175,000 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u2013 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0649 17 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u062c \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0624 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0630\u064a\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645. <\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627!<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 – \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631 (Jesse Livermore) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1877\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a <\/span>(Wall Street). \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u061f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929\u060c \u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0647\u0631. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647. \u0645\u0641\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929\u060c \u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626. \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 40% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0633 Forbs” \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 400 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u061f \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621 (venture capitalist) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632 (Michael Moritz)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 – \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Heinz Berggruen) \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1936\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a (University of California, Berkeley)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a (Paul Klee) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 100 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0648 (Picassos) \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a (Klees) \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0633 (Matisses) \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 (Braques)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0638\u061f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0634 (Horizon Research) \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 (Horizon)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 “\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a (index fund)”: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 (long tail)\u201d \u2013 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647. \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 99 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627\u061f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

**<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 (Blinkist) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:\u00a0 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 [The Psychology of Money: Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness] \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0644: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28517,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-32","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28513"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28526,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28513\/revisions\/28526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}