{"id":27866,"date":"2025-03-13T03:28:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T00:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=27866"},"modified":"2025-03-13T03:28:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T00:28:00","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%86%d8%9f-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b8%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=27866","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

What\u2019s the shape of the universe? Mathematicians use topology to study the shape of the world and everything in it
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 –\u00a0John Etnyre)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629(1)<\/sup>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641(2)<\/sup>) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629(3)<\/sup> \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a(4)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0641\u0646 \u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629(5)<\/sup>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627(6)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f(7)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627(8)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644(9)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a – \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645: \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631(10)<\/sup>\u060c \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a(11)<\/sup>. \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0633 \u0648 \u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u064a 6 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629(12)<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 “\u0634\u0643\u0644” \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629(13)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631. <\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0637) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f(7)<\/sup> (\u063a\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0643). \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f(14)<\/sup><\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f(15)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627(16)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631(17)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628(18\u060c 19)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621(20)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:
\n1- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627_\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629
\n2- https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/John-B-Etnyre-10186406
\n3- https:\/\/www2.math.upenn.edu\/~ghrist\/preprints\/noticesdraft.pdf
\n4 – https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628_\u0641\u064a_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a
\n5- https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/10037710\/origami-in-space\/
\n6- https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-642-34364-3
\n7- https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621
\n9- https:\/\/bookstore.ams.org\/gsm-151
\n9- https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1997\/2\/1\/1
\n10- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631
\n11- https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/1-4020-4266-3_05
\n12- https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/geometry-of-celestial-mechanics\/F285E8C089E2A1880864C8708C6BE81D
\n13- https:\/\/www.ias.edu\/ideas\/2013\/lesnick-topological-data-analysis
\n14- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f_(\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a)
\n15- https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/knot-theory
\n16- https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/book\/9780444514523\/handbook-of-knot-theory?via=ihub=
\n17- https:\/\/www.ias.edu\/ideas\/2011\/witten-knots-quantum-theory
\n18- https:\/\/iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bmb.20244
\n10- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062d\u0645\u0636_\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a_\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628
\n20- https:\/\/taqadom.aspdkw.com\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\/<\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/theconversation.com\/whats-the-shape-of-the-universe-mathematicians-use-topology-to-study-the-shape-of-the-world-and-everything-in-it-235635<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What\u2019s the shape of the universe? Mathematicians use topology to study the shape of the world and everything in it (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 –\u00a0John Etnyre) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":27877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-9","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27866"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27879,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27866\/revisions\/27879"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}