{"id":27416,"date":"2025-02-12T00:34:10","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T21:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=27416"},"modified":"2025-02-12T00:34:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T21:34:10","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=27416","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\n\u2022 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 (DILMUN):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u2022 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064a\u0641 (KUTIF): <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ROMANS\/GREEKS):<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0629 (GERRHA \/ \u0393\u0388\u03a1\u03a1\u0391 \/AGARRA):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0650\u0641\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627 (AGARRA): \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627 (CATIBA \/ CATIFA):<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627” (CATIFA) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644 (AWAL):<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644” \u0643\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 (CATHEA \/ \u039a\u0391\u0398\u038a\u0391 \u0623\u0648 CATEUS): <\/strong>\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648”\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627” (CATHEA \u0623\u0648 CATEUS) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627” \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0647\u062c\u0631 (HAGAR \/ \u1f09\u0393\u0386\u03a1 \/HEGRA): <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 (CORODAMUM):<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646” (CORODAMUM) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0631 (“ICHTHYOPHAGI” \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643):<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643”\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 “\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627). \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627 (KADARA\/KATARA):<\/strong> \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627” (KADARA) \u0623\u0648 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627” (KATARA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627” (KATARA) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 (PARA):<\/strong> \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627” \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 “PARA” \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627 (ZARA \u0623\u0648 ZARASPA):<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627” (ZARA) \u0623\u0648 “\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627” (ZARASPA) \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “ZARA” \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627” \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (PORTUS MAGNUS):<\/strong> \u0648\u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 “PORTUS MAGNUS” \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (PLINY THE ELDER) \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 (STRABO) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 (PTOLEMY). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621 (GERRHA), \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633 (IOANNIS \u0623\u0648 IOHANNA):<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633” (IOANNIS) \u0623\u0648 “\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627” (IOHANNA) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0627 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\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 “\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633” \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (TRAVVIA):<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627” (TRAVVIA) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621 (GERRHA) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637” \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (\u0650ALKHATT):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637” \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u0650AL QATIF): <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641” \u064a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637”\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 “\u0642\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0641\u064e”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 DE CATIFA:<\/strong> \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1563\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 DEL CATTIF:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1576\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 ELCATIE-CATIFFA:<\/strong> \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1596\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 ELCATIF: <\/strong>\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1662\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 D’ELCATIF:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1652\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 ELKATIF: <\/strong>\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1758\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 TARUD-KATIF:<\/strong> \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1772\u0645.<\/span>
\n\u2022 KATIF:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1829\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641” \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0646 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621” \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637” \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641” \u0643\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.
\n\u2022 \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637”.
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649. \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\n\u2022 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 (PTOLEMY). \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (GEOGRAPHY) \u2013 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.
\n\u2022 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 (STRABO). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (GEOGRAPHICA) \u2013 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.
\n\u2022 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (PLINY THE ELDER). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (NATURALIS HISTORIA) \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631.
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641.
\n\u2022 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0650\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":27417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-21","category-16"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27416"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27422,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27416\/revisions\/27422"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}