{"id":27271,"date":"2025-01-27T00:11:19","date_gmt":"2025-01-26T21:11:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=27271"},"modified":"2025-01-27T00:11:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T21:11:19","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%aa-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=27271","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 [\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f] – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

What brought the decline of the eastern Roman Empire \u2013 and what can we learn from\u00a0it?
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\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629](15\u060c 16)<\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a(17)<\/sup>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629(18)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629: Credit: Pixabay\/CC0 Public Domain<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong>
\n1- https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ngeo2652<\/a>
\n2- https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/past\/article\/254\/1\/315\/6427314<\/a>
\n3- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646_\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/a>
\n4-\u00a0https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/<\/u>\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f_\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/u>
\n5- https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0959683620941079<\/a>
\n6- https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/article\/782\/justinians-plague-541-542-ce\/<\/a>
\n7- https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4128751<\/a>
\n8- https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.1903797116<\/a>
\n9- https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/klio-2023-0031\/html<\/a>
\n10- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e_\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639<\/a>
\n11- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:
\nhttps:\/\/www.uwlax.edu\/mvac\/process-of-archaeology\/lab-analysis\/ceramic-analysis\/<\/a>
\n12- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d_(\u0639\u0644\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631)<\/a>
\n13- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a_(\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631)<\/a>
\n14- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645_\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a>
\n15- https:\/\/openresearchlibrary.org\/content\/60990a5f-c618-4dfa-9721-0fd432429f44<\/a>
\n16- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629_\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n17- https:\/\/uu.diva-portal.org\/smash\/record.jsf?pid=diva2:698643&dswid=7211<\/a>
\n18- https:\/\/blue.monagis.com\/kingstons-race-to-climate-departure\/<\/a><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-brought-the-decline-of-the-eastern-roman-empire-and-what-can-we-learn-from-it-245101<\/a>\u00a0Domain<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
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