{"id":26995,"date":"2025-01-04T08:25:32","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T05:25:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=26995"},"modified":"2025-01-04T08:25:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T05:25:32","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%83-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%b3-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=26995","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fish in Winter \u2013 Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0625\u0644 \u0625\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641) \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 – L.E. Miranda)<\/span><\/h3>\n

[ \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 ]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (North American Lake Management Society) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644 \u0625\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641) \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643<\/strong>\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a (our inquisitive mind) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

( \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
Source: fishchoices.blogspot.com\/2017\/08 (Anatomy of a Fish)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645<\/strong> (Fry 1971).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 <\/strong>\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 -0.5 \u0648 -1.0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a -2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a <\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a <\/strong>\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/strong>. \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 -90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/a>. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 (90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627) \u0648 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627 (90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n66\u00b0 34\u2032 (66.57\u00b0) N<\/span><\/td>\nArctic Circle<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n23\u00b0 26\u2032 (23.43\u00b0) N<\/span><\/td>\nTropic of Cancer<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n23\u00b0 26\u2032 (23.43\u00b0) S<\/span><\/td>\nTropic of Capricorn<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n66\u00b0 34\u2032 (66.57\u00b0) S<\/span><\/td>\nAntarctic Circle<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: almerja.com\/azaat\/indexv.php?id= 1<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> (Greenback 1945). \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/strong> (\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643). \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621. <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> (Shuter et al. 2012)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621) \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621)<\/strong>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 (Yamahira and Conover 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631. \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062e \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (largemouth bass) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong> (Magnuson et al. 1979)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 5-10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 18 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 [Esocidae] (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0628) \u0648 [Percidae] (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621). \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nalms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/LakeLine\/34-4\/Articles\/34-4-8.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fish in Winter \u2013 Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0625\u0644 \u0625\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641) \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 – L.E. Miranda) [ \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 ] \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (North American Lake Management Society) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644 \u0625\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641) \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":27006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26995"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26995\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27011,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26995\/revisions\/27011"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}