{"id":24739,"date":"2024-06-12T10:22:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T07:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=24739"},"modified":"2024-06-12T10:22:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T07:22:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=24739","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pregnancy is an engineering challenge \u2212 diagnosing and treating preterm birth requires understanding its mechanics<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 (Melissa Skala) \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0632 (Kristine Myers) \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0646 (Michelle Oyen) \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f(<\/sup>1<\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629) [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640 37 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641] \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a(<\/sup>2<\/sup>)<\/sup> (doulas) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<\/em>\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0640 37 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628..<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628(<\/sup>3<\/sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a (genetics) \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 (heredity)] \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627\u064e \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629(<\/sup>4<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629). \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 3.2 \u0643\u063a\u0645 (7 \u0623\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0644)(<\/sup>5<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a(<\/sup>6<\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0645\u0644\u0645 – \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u062f. \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629(<\/sup>7<\/sup>)<\/sup>]\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627(<\/sup>4<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 10 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a(<\/sup>8<\/sup>)<\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30% \u0625\u0644\u0649 40% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631(<\/sup>10 <\/sup>\u060c<\/sup> 9<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648 1% \u0625\u0644\u0649 9% \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646(<\/sup>11<\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627(<\/sup>12<\/sup>)<\/sup>. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 (soft) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629)(<\/sup>13<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629(<\/sup>14<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644(<\/sup>15<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629(16)<\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645(<\/sup>17<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a (\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645.\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645(<\/sup>17<\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n