{"id":23234,"date":"2024-01-27T22:14:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T19:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=23234"},"modified":"2024-01-27T22:14:32","modified_gmt":"2024-01-27T19:14:32","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8f%d9%91%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=23234","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a) – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00a0\u0641\u062a\u062d\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647*"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f<\/strong>[<\/sup>1<\/sup>]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a (Noam Chomsky) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f “\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 “\u0644\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 “\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629[<\/sup>2<\/sup>]<\/sup>\u060c \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” (rationalism) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0644 (2021\u0645)\u060c “\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0650\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627”[<\/sup>3<\/sup>]<\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (empiricist approach) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 (Observational Adequacy)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Descriptive Adequacy)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (competence) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (native speaker)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f (generated grammar) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Explanatory Adequacy)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u061f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (observable)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (unobservable) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0637\u0628\u0628\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 (miracle). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644”\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2017\u0645) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e” (Language, mind and brain) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627”. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 (National Human Behavior 10:713-722).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (evolutionary terms)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (animal communication systems) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 (potential precursor) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629[<\/sup>4<\/sup>]<\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629” (random leap)[<\/sup>5<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (Independence of Language). \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 (cognitive functions) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[<\/sup>6<\/sup>]<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629” (Universal Grammar) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u0650\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u064f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 “\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (Language Faculty)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 – (mul.edu.pk)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e “\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645”\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c “\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629” (mental organs)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u00a0\u0644\u0627\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640 “\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (universality of language) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a: \u0647\u0630\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a” (language organ)\u060c \u0623\u0648 “\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 .\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646 (Theoretical Linguists) \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0640 “\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0646)\u060c \u0623\u0648 “\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631[<\/sup>7<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u00a0\u0628\u0647\u0627)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Language Uniquely Human)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629[<\/sup>8<\/sup>]<\/sup>. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a “\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627” (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a” \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 “\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629”[<\/sup>9<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Creativity) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Productivity) \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627-\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627-\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 “\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a)\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642” \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629[<\/sup>10<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 (2020\u0645)\u060c “\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629”[<\/sup>11<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

5- “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627-\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0629: (I-Language) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (Internal Language) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 (E-Language) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (External Language)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629[<\/sup>12<\/sup>]<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 “\u0644\u063a\u0629-I”\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627-\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 (Discrete Infinity)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629) (Displacement)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062f\u064a (recursion)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627-\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u00ab\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 “\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u2013 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 “\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647[<\/sup>13<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a06- \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0623)\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (black box problem)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a (input) \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (output)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (system) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c (processor) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629[<\/sup>14<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0628)\u00a0\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a”\u00a0<\/span>(language acquisition device)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 (LAD)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 .\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646” (Plato Problem)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u061f \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: “\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061f” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632” (Poverty of the Stimulus)\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"FriedericiLab<\/p>\n

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_________________<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/p>\n[13] Chomsky, Noam, \u00c1ngel J. Gallego and Dennis Ott. 2019. \u201cGenerative Grammar and the Faculty of Language: Insights, Questions, and Challenges\u201d. Catalan \u060c\u00a0Journal of Linguistics. Special Issue, 229-261.<\/p>\n[14] \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648: \u0623\u0646\u0651 “\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” \u0647\u0648 “\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629”\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a(genes) \u060c \u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629” (universal grammar). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n[15] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a “\u0644\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644” (Child Language) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 (Dell Hymes) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Communicative Competence) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Linguistic Competence) \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n[16] \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n[17] \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0627” (Language in Our Brain)\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a (Angela Friederici) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (MIT).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f[1] \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a (Noam Chomsky) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f “\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 “\u0644\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-15","category-29"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23234"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23241,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23234\/revisions\/23241"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}