{"id":22951,"date":"2024-01-05T22:11:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T19:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=22951"},"modified":"2024-01-05T22:11:26","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T19:11:26","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88-ubuntu-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=22951","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 &#8220;Ubuntu&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 [\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a]\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ubuntu offers lessons in how to treat people with disabilities \u2013 a study of Bomvana rituals<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0634 &#8211; Nomvo Dwadwa-Henda)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup>(1)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646<sup>(2)<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<sup>(3)<\/sup>]. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0648\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \/ \u0625\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627<sup>(5)<\/sup> (Xhosa) \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646 (AmaBomvane) (\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646 &#8220;Bomvane&#8221;) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u2013 \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup>(6)<\/sup> \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup>(7)<\/sup> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648<sup>(8\u060c 9)<\/sup>. \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648<sup>(8\u060c 9)<\/sup> (unbuntu) \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 [\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <sup>(10)<\/sup> (humanness) \u0623\u0648 (Ren) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629] \u061b \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6183 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-233x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"19\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-233x300.png 233w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-117x150.png 117w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-58x75.png 58w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-128x165.png 128w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-159x205.png 159w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-256x330.png 256w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268-408x525.png 408w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/480-4800168_next-clipart-orange-arrow-transparent-background-hd-png-e1667767591268.png 668w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 19px) 100vw, 19px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ubuntu told by Nelson Mandela\" width=\"618\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HED4h00xPPA?start=2&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629&#8221; [\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633]<sup>(11)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<sup>(12)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627. \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629<sup>(13\u060c 14)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 (\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644) \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 (Bomvana). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 50 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<sup>(15)<\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u0633\u064a (Gusi) \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a (Hobeni) \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627 (Xhora) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0644\u00a0 (Elliotdale) &#8211; \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 18 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 [\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<sup>(16)<\/sup>] \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22953\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22953\" style=\"width: 417px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-22953\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06360-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06360-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06360.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22953\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0644 (Elliotdale)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629)<sup>(17)<\/sup> \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0629 (\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629) \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0632 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0640 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646 (AmaBomvane) \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup>(18\u060c 19)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627-\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641] \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup>(20)<\/sup> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1- \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a (Efukwini) (\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628)<sup>(21)<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">2- \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646 (Intojane) (\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;womanhood&#8221;)<sup>(22)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0632\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646]. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">3- \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648 (<a href=\"http:\/\/vital.seals.ac.za:8080\/vital\/access\/manager\/Repository\/vital:3271?site_name=GlobalView\">Ulwaluko<\/a>)\u00a0(\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a)<sup>(23)<\/sup>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22954\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22954\" style=\"width: 465px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-22954\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06369-300x184.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"465\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06369-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06369-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/\u06369.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22954\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: allafrica.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646 (AmaBomvane) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 [\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f]\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup>(20)<\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645<sup>(12) \u060c<\/sup>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646<sup>(24)<\/sup>:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup>(25)<\/sup>\u00a0\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0641\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup>(26)<\/sup>. \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 &#8220;\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup>(12)<\/sup>: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06a4\u0627\u0646 (AmaBomvane) \u0628\u0640 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u2013 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong><br \/>\n1- <a href=\"https:\/\/disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/library\/finkelstein-attitudes.pdf\">https:\/\/disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/library\/finkelstein-attitudes.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n2- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325642373_Disability_in_Africa_A_CulturalReligious_Perspective\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325642373_Disability_in_Africa_A_CulturalReligious_Perspective<\/a><br \/>\n3- <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inclusive_language\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inclusive_language<\/a><br \/>\n4- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_emp\/---ifp_skills\/documents\/publication\/wcms_396412.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;ed_emp\/&#8212;ifp_skills\/documents\/publication\/wcms_396412.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n5-\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a<\/a><br \/>\n6-\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629_\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n7- &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0629 (collectivism) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0627\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629] \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;.\u00a0 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n8- <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/HED4h00xPPA?si=1xJYSGgp1tAMgpfk\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/HED4h00xPPA?si=1xJYSGgp1tAMgpfk<\/a><br \/>\n9- &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 (Ubuntu) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627 (Xhosa) \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (humanity)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621\u00bb&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9)\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648_(\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629)<\/a><br \/>\n10- <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629_\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n11- <a href=\"https:\/\/ieas-szeged.hu\/downtherabbithole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Lennard-J.-Davis-ed.-The-Disability-Studies-Reader-Routledge-2014.pdf\">https:\/\/ieas-szeged.hu\/downtherabbithole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Lennard-J.-Davis-ed.-The-Disability-Studies-Reader-Routledge-2014.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n12- <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/599c650a-69f2-4ef2-ac0b-c73fdf00fd88\">https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/599c650a-69f2-4ef2-ac0b-c73fdf00fd88<\/a><br \/>\n13- <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n14- &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (wellbeing) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au\/health\/healthyliving\/wellbeing\">https:\/\/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au\/health\/healthyliving\/wellbeing<\/a><br \/>\n15- &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 (focus group) \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u061b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B2\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/a><br \/>\n16- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/dictionary\/research-protocols-and-ethical-considerations-in-indigenous-knowledge-systems\/56629\">https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/dictionary\/research-protocols-and-ethical-considerations-in-indigenous-knowledge-systems\/56629<\/a><br \/>\n17- <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n18- <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/4c2431c5-5387-4697-a626-8d8a781b4c3f\">https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/4c2431c5-5387-4697-a626-8d8a781b4c3f<\/a><br \/>\n19- &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (belief system) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/belief-systems-definition-types-quiz.html\">https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/belief-systems-definition-types-quiz.html<\/a><br \/>\n20- <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629_\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n21- &#8220;\u0625\u0641\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a (Efukwini) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627 (IsiXhosa) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0632\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627 (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d: umXhosa). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 . \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0627 (inkaba). \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/f8f6b1ca-c078-4fc3-a398-df59af186a5b\">https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/f8f6b1ca-c078-4fc3-a398-df59af186a5b<\/a><br \/>\n22-\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/83637195.pdf\">https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/83637195.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n23- <u>vital.seals.ac.za:8080\/vital\/access\/manager\/Repository\/vital:3271?site_name=GlobalView<\/u><br \/>\n24- <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/handle\/10019.1\/128429\">https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/handle\/10019.1\/128429<\/a><br \/>\n25- <a href=\"https:\/\/library.oapen.org\/handle\/20.500.12657\/37695\">https:\/\/library.oapen.org\/handle\/20.500.12657\/37695<\/a><br \/>\n26- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scielo.org.za\/pdf\/vee\/v33n2\/12.pdf\">https:\/\/www.scielo.org.za\/pdf\/vee\/v33n2\/12.pdf<\/a><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ubuntu-offers-lessons-in-how-to-treat-people-with-disabilities-a-study-of-bomvana-rituals-216780\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ubuntu-offers-lessons-in-how-to-treat-people-with-disabilities-a-study-of-bomvana-rituals-216780<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15540\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15540\" style=\"width: 162px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a-281x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"162\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a-281x300.jpg 281w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a-140x150.jpg 140w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a-70x75.jpg 70w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a-155x165.jpg 155w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a-192x205.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646-\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a.jpg 309w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 162px) 100vw, 162px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15540\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu offers lessons in how to treat people with disabilities \u2013 a study of Bomvana rituals (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0634 &#8211; Nomvo Dwadwa-Henda) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629(1)\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646(2) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":22955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22951"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22951\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22956,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22951\/revisions\/22956"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}