{"id":22708,"date":"2023-12-08T21:46:15","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T18:46:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=22708"},"modified":"2023-12-08T21:46:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T18:46:15","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8f%d9%91%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=22708","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 (cognitive functions) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627- \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a”\u060c \u0648”\u0642\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644” (Campbell\u2019s)\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0646” (putty nosed monkey)\u060c \u0648”\u0642\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627” (Diana monkeys)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a[1] \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (neurobiological mechanisms) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629[2].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633[3]\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (frontal and temporal cortex) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (Cognitive System).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a” <\/span>(acoustic communication)\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u00a0\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (electroencephalography: EEG)[4]\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (magnetoencephalography: MEG)[5]\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (functional magnetic resonance imaging: fMRI)[6]\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631” (diffusor tensor imaging: DTI)[7].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627” (Broca\u2019s area\u2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c” (Merge)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646” (Brodmann Area\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 BA 44) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c” \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 (genetics)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 (external input or experience)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 (independent principles specific to language). \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (universal grammar)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 (UG).<\/span>
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0627\u062a” \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629” impossible languages)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 (real languages) \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 (external experience input) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 (deprived children)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 (impoverished experience)\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (linguistic structures) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627 (Broca\u2019s area) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a (superior temporal gyrus).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 (white matter fibres) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a[8].<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (development of cognitive performance).<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (native languages)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Mandarin Chinese) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 (English) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (German). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (machine learning) \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (specific processing demands) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629.\u00a0<\/span>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 (connectivity) \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (hemispheres of the brain). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a (pitch) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (tonal characteristics) \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (grammar processing). \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (higher connectivity) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (meaning associations) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 (unique fingerprint) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (brain-activity) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a (behaviours) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 (evolution of language). \u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (functional specificity) \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (in non-human primates)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (pre-linguistic infants)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (neural circuits) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (hierarchical language structures).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 (faculty of language) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (neurobiological basis of human language processing) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2): \u00a9 Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (theoretical concepts) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Lingustics) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 (neuroscience)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (cognitive development) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 (systematic relationship) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (brain structure) \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644” (Theory of Mind)[9].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (human cognition).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

______
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>
\n[1] \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0640 “\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a” (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 400 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0627” (Language in Our Brain) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0629 (MIT) \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n[2] Angela Friederici, The Neurobiology of the Human Language System”, Scientia, Jul.25, 2018 \u00a0https:\/\/www.scientia.global\/professor-angela-friederici-the-neurobiology-of-the-human-language-system\/<\/a><\/p>\n[3] \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644”\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c (2017\u0645) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e” (Language, mind and brain) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 “\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627”. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627”. (National Human Behavior 10:713-722).<\/p>\n[4] \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (EEG) \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n[5] \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (MEG) \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u064a- \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 (ERP)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n[6] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (fMRI) \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n[7] “\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 (tensor) \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629”\u060c \u0648”\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 (\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631” (DTI) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 (White Matter)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e. . \u0641\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a. \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n[8] \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2015) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629” (White-matter pathways for speech and language processing)\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646” (Brodmann’s area) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643” (Wernicke’s area) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064f\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u064a (sylvian fissure). \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643” \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Handb Clin Neurol. 2015, 129:177-86).<\/p>\n[9] \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 (\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 (cognitive functions) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627- \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0625\u0646 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22708"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22715,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22708\/revisions\/22715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}