{"id":21895,"date":"2023-09-18T16:55:02","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=21895"},"modified":"2023-09-18T16:55:02","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:55:02","slug":"%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%b0%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9%d8%8c-%d9%81%d9%87%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=21895","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 “\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629” \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arithmetic has a biological origin \u2013 it\u2019s an expression in symbols of the \u2018deep structure\u2019 of our perception
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a – Randolph Grace)<\/span><\/h3>\n

[\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a]\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 – \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 (\u0644\u0623\u0633) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629(1)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629: 2 + 2 = 4.<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0651\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639(2)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 – \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u06a4\u064a\u0648 (Mario Livio): “\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a(3)<\/sup>\u061f – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f) \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629(4)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5500 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646(5)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629(6)<\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 1,434 = (1 \u00d7 1000) + (4 \u00d7 100) + (3 \u00d7 10) + (4 \u00d7 1).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 – \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629(7)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621(8)<\/sup>” \u0623\u0648 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647(9. 10)<\/sup>“. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621] \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629(11\u060c 12)<\/sup>].\u00a0\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \/ \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629(13)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 Nicola J. Morton.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 (\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 960 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a(14)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629(1)<\/sup>\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a(15)<\/sup>\u00a0\u2013 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.\u00a0 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629(16)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0628\u0629(17)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629(18)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0644 [\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644(19)<\/sup>].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0633 “\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628(8)<\/sup>” \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u00a0 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0628:<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0633 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645”. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0644:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a(20 – 22)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629(23)<\/sup>” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 “\u0646\u0631\u0649” \u0625\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627(24)<\/sup> \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u00a0Psychological Review.\u00a0\u00a0[\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631(25)<\/sup>\u00a0]. <\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064b\u064b\u0627 (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a). \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629(26)<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \/ \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629(27)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629(28)<\/sup>) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f(29)<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong>
\n1- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>
\n2- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639<\/a>
\n3- https:\/\/pulpit.alwatanvoice.com\/content\/print\/262957.html<\/a>
\n4-\u00a0 https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<\/a>
\n5- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646_(\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d)<\/a>
\n6- https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/numerical-notation\/4C3107573159D539D04DD7307423FA36<\/a>
\n7- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645_\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n8- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0643\u0644_\u0634\u064a\u0621<\/a>
\n9- https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/God-Equation-Quest-Theory-Everything\/dp\/0385542747<\/a>
\n10- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647_(\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628)<\/a>
\n11- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a<\/a>
\n12- https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2019-63660-001<\/a>
\n13- https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00359-015-1000-0<\/a>
\n14- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621_\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/a>
\n15- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621_\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>
\n16- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629_\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/a>
\n17- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629_\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0628\u0629<\/a>
\n18- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629_\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/a>
\n19- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a_\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/a>
\n20- \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a(21)<\/sup>. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 – \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u00a0 \u0646\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629(22)<\/sup>. \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 [\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629” \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0https:\/\/study.com\/learn\/lesson\/perceptual-organization-overview-examples.html#:~:text=Perceptual%20organization%20refers%20to%20the,the%20sum%20of%20its%20parts<\/a>.
\n21- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0639\u0644\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633_\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/a>
\n22- https:\/\/uomustansiriyah.edu.iq\/media\/lectures\/8\/8_2016_03_03!10_24_13_PM.pdf<\/a>
\n23- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n24- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645_\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/a>
\n25- https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Physical_symbol_system<\/a>
\n26- https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Unreasonable_Effectiveness_of_Mathematics_in_the_Natural_Sciences<\/a>
\n27- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n28- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n29- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/theconversation.com\/arithmetic-has-a-biological-origin-its-an-expression-in-symbols-of-the-deep-structure-of-our-perception-211337<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arithmetic has a biological origin \u2013 it\u2019s an expression in symbols of the \u2018deep structure\u2019 of our perception (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a – Randolph Grace) [\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a]\u00a0 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u00a0 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21895"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21902,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21895\/revisions\/21902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}