{"id":21444,"date":"2023-08-08T13:57:49","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T10:57:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=21444"},"modified":"2023-08-08T14:32:48","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T11:32:48","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=21444","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 – “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636” \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 130 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 61 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648 4 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 3 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3300 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 “\u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631” (Google Scholar).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0641 (\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631) [1]<\/sup><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 35 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 1986-1987\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0640 12 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648 6 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 2003\u0645 \u0648 2008\u0645 \u0648 2020\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2016\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 2017\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: “\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621”.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646: (1)<\/strong> \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061b (2)<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 [\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 “\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631” (Springer Nature)] \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 “\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 (Science, Technology and Medicine (STM))\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Humanities & Social Sciences (HSS))\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646 (SpringerOpen).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n[1] \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Guest editors) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

2] \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 (Midstream) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 – \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n[3] \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n[4] \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n[5] \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 (GP) \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (MCDM) \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (MCDA) \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628).<\/p>\n[6] \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n[7] \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n[8] \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n[9] \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 (NP) \u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b 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\"\"
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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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