{"id":20771,"date":"2023-06-13T19:15:55","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T16:15:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=20771"},"modified":"2023-06-13T19:15:55","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T16:15:55","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=20771","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

The evolution of societal cooperation
\n(\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0646 (Plotkin)<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629(9)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c ” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 (stern judging)”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0626 [\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627] \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631: “\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627”. “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c\u00a0 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644”. \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631: “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642”. “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629(11)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0649\u064b \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a”. “\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631: “\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639”.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0631: “\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646”.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong>
\n1- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/a>
\n2- https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2219480120<\/a>
\n3- “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (social norms) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631_\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a>
\n4- “\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( evolutionary game theory) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0637\u064f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0622\u0631. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n5- https:\/\/itlaw.fandom.com\/wiki\/Reputation-based_system#:~:text=Advertisement-,Definition,about%20individuals%27%20past%20behavior.%22<\/a>
\n6- https:\/\/theconversation.com\/origins-of-altruism-why-hamilton-still-rules-50-years-on-27223<\/a>
\n7- “\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:
\nhttps:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/a>
\n8- “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (prosocial behaviour) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:
\nhttps:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643_\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a_\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/a>
\n9- “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a” \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:
\nhttps:\/\/ecommons.cornell.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/1813\/72141\/Enz101_Linking_Organizational_And_Societal_Cultures.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#:~:text=In%20a%20homogeneous%20societal%20culture,characterized%20by%20a%20multicultural%20society<\/a>.
\n10- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645_\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n11- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:
\nhttps:\/\/penntoday.upenn.edu\/news\/unraveling-secrets-cooperation-and-reciprocity-new-study-illuminates-power-social-norms<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
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