{"id":19818,"date":"2023-03-25T14:11:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-25T11:11:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19818"},"modified":"2023-03-25T14:11:28","modified_gmt":"2023-03-25T11:11:28","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19818","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643"},"content":{"rendered":"

How Bank Oversight Failed: The Economy Changed, Regulators Didn\u2019t
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648 – Andrew Ackerman , Angel Au Yeung , Hannah Miao)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a 8 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (Silicon Valley Bank) \u0648 (Signature Bank) \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c “\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f” \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u060c \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 (SVB) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 250 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 (SVB) \u0648 (Signature) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u0647\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632 \u060c \u0625\u0646 (SVB) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 “\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a 101” . “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a – \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 (SVB) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u060c “\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629”. “\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 (FDIC) \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 (SVB) \u0648 (Signature) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 (SVB) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (New York Community Bancorp) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 (Signature) \u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Signature<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 (SVB) \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a (SVB) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u060c \u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 (SVB) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f “4M” \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 “\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627” \u0648 “\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627” – \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0642 5\u066a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 2\u066a. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 (SVB) \u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FDIC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 (FDIC) \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629”. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 “\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631”. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 (SVB) \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 250 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a (SVB) \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Silicon<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629”. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SVB) \u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645 (SVB) \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 “\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647” \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621: “\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 [\u0648] \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2007-2009 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 2007 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2021 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f (Rosengren) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 (MIT Golub) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u060c “\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FDIC) \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (SVB) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 – \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 (SVB).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 (SVB) \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0630\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 250 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 “\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 – \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 “\u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a 10000 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 2018 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 2021 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 (SVB). \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SVB) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629” \u0623\u0648 “\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639”. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a (SVB) \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642” \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a (SVB) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 (SVB) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 90 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 (SVB) \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 (SVB).<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 (SVB) \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Signature<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 (Signature) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a (SVB) \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u062f-\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 (Signature) \u0641\u064a 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648 “\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646: \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646”. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627. “\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644..” \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FDIC): “\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 (Signature) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 ” \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 (NYDFS) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"FDIC<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a” \u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621: “\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a … \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a”. “\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0632\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/how-bank-oversight-failed-the-economy-changed-regulators-didnt-7dbb842d<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How Bank Oversight Failed: The Economy Changed, Regulators Didn\u2019t (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648 – Andrew Ackerman , Angel Au Yeung , Hannah Miao) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a 8 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19818"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19822,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19818\/revisions\/19822"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}