{"id":19766,"date":"2023-03-19T14:57:47","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T11:57:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19766"},"modified":"2023-03-19T14:57:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T11:57:47","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8f%d9%91%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19766","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a”<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: The Arabic Language (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629)<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a (Kees Versteegh)<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (.2nd ed) <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 – \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 (Edinburg University Press)<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2014\u0645 \u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: 332 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/h4>\n
\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (1997) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0636\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 “\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627” \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629” (Early Arabic and Pidginzation)\u060c \u0641\u064a 1984\u0645. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648 [Rets\u00f6 (2003)] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0645”[<\/sup>1<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (course book) \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (required reading) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 332 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 241 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649) \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 (\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628”)<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/span><\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/span> \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/span> \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/span> (“\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629”) \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/span> (“\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a”) \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 “\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629” (corpora) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629[<\/sup>2<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 “\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639). \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 (“\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629”) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a” (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646” \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643” (Facebook).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (Diglossia and Bilingualism)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646: “\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (Diglossia) (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631)\u060c \u0648 “\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (Bilingulism) (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631) \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> <\/span>“\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629” (Arabic as a Minority Language)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/strong><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644 (Arabic Pidgins and Creoles)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629” (Arabic Pidgins) \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627” (Arabic Creoles). \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629”. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627[<\/sup>3<\/sup>]<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c<\/strong><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Arabic as a World Language).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a: “\u0628\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629”.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 “\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648 (Rets\u00f6)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1997\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0631 “\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a” (Brill\u2019s Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (Goodreads) \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a …\u00a0<\/span>\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0623\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a”.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a (Kees Versteegh)\u200f (\u0648\u0644\u062f 1947 \u0645) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2011. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u00bb (2006-2009). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647:
\n– \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629”: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (1984).
\n– \u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u00bb (1993).
\n– \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb (2003\u0645).
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629:
\n– \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u00bb (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0628 (\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646)\u060c 2001 \u0645.
\n– \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00bb – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c 2003 \u0645).
\n– \u00ab\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u00bb (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0651\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2007 \u0645).<\/p>\n

______________<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n[1] “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629” (International Journal of Socio-Linguistics) \u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 (IJSL)\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 163\u060c \u0635 199.<\/p>\n[2] \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a”\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n[3] \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n

Al-Tarouti, Ahmed (1987) “Review of Versteegh’s “Pidginzation and Creolization: The Case of\u00a0 Arabic”.\u00a0 Jusur: The UCLA\u00a0 Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.3, pp.119-122.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n

Versteegh, Kees (2003) “Pidginzation and Creolization Revisted: The Case of Arabic. In: Approaches to Arabic Dialects. A Collection of Articles presented to Manfred Woidich on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Series: Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics<\/a>, Volume: 38. Martine Haak<\/a>,\u00a0Rudolf de Jong<\/a>, and\u00a0Kees Versteegh<\/a> (eds.) pp. 343\u2013357.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a” \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: The Arabic Language (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a (Kees Versteegh) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (.2nd ed) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 – \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 (Edinburg University Press) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2014\u0645 \u00a0 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: 332 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629” …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-uncategorized","category-29"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19766"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19771,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19766\/revisions\/19771"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}