{"id":19504,"date":"2023-02-21T21:39:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T18:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19504"},"modified":"2023-02-21T21:39:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T18:39:43","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19504","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 &#8211; \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645: 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(\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3700 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u062a) \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 (Thera) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a (Santorini) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a1-1097x1536.png 1097w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a1.png 1299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>&#8220;\u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0639\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e&#8221; (133 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643 (Romey, 2021).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u061f<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647). \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643. \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641. \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 -\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627- \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 . (Welford &amp; Bossak, 2010).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong> \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 (Duncan, 2021). \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0641\u0642\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019\u0645 . \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 (Njagi, 2020).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u064e \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 (Sim\u00f3n, B\u00f6rner, &amp; Struik, 2021). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u064f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 (Miniaci, 2019).<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (\u0639). \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (\u0639) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1391 \u0648 1271 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 600 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644) \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u2013 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0647).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19508\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19508\" style=\"width: 383px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-19508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SfHHcWRSvhcYtp6xEaNKDY-1200-80.jpg-300x123.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"383\" height=\"157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SfHHcWRSvhcYtp6xEaNKDY-1200-80.jpg-300x123.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SfHHcWRSvhcYtp6xEaNKDY-1200-80.jpg-150x62.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SfHHcWRSvhcYtp6xEaNKDY-1200-80.jpg.webp 433w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 383px) 100vw, 383px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: www.livescience.com\/4846-eruption-thera-changed-world.html<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629). \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0629 (Murthy, 2007).<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (APA format). \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c (Baldwin, 2022) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627. \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Anonymous, Thera Greece 3650 years before Present, 2023).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anonymous. (2023, 02 04). <em>Thera Greece 3650 years before Present.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Climate Policy Watcher: https:\/\/www.climate-policy-watcher.org\/plate-tectonics\/thera-greece-3650-years-before-present.html<\/li>\n<li>Anonymous. (n.d.). <em>Volcanic Eruption at Thera (Santorini).<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Canadian Museum of History: https:\/\/www.historymuseum.ca\/cmc\/exhibitions\/civil\/greece\/gr1040e.html<\/li>\n<li>Baldwin, T. (2022, 05 09). <em>Thera Volcano &amp; Eruption.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Study: https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/thera-volcano-eruption-facts-quiz.html<\/li>\n<li>Blatsiou, N. (2015, 10 09). <em>The Fiery and Volcanic Birth of Santorini: One of the most awe-inspiring volcanic eruptions in the history of mankind, 3,500 years ago, created one of the most beautiful and dramatic island landscapes in the world.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Greece Is: https:\/\/www.greece-is.com\/born-of-fire<\/li>\n<li>Borschel-Dan, A. (2018, 08 23). <em>New carbon-dating tool could pinpoint ancient eruption, gauge if tied to Exodus.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from The Times of Israel: https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/new-carbon-dating-tool-could-determine-if-ancient-eruption-tied-to-exodus\/<\/li>\n<li>Borzo, G. (2017, 01 17). <em>Heat from Earth\u2019s core could be underlying force in plate tectonics.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from The University of Chicago News: https:\/\/news.uchicago.edu\/story\/heat-earths-core-could-be-underlying-force-plate-tectonics<\/li>\n<li>Duncan, F. (2021, 04 26). <em>Brown locusts have survived a long drought in South Africa \u2013 here\u2019s how.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from The University of Witwatersrand: https:\/\/www.wits.ac.za\/news\/latest-news\/general-news\/2021\/2021-04\/brown-locusts-have-survived-a-long-drought-in-south-africa&#8211;heres-how.html<\/li>\n<li>Grassie, W. (2010). The Old Sciences of Religion. In W. Grassie, <em>The New Sciences of Religion<\/em> (pp. 41-63). New York, NY, USA: Metanexus Imprints. doi:10.1057\/9780230114746_3<\/li>\n<li>Laskow, S. (2018, 08 16). <em>No One Knows the Exact Year of the Largest Volcanic Eruption of Our Age: Scientists are hoping archaeology, carbon dating, and tree rings together can help solve the mystery.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Atlas Obscura: https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/when-did-thera-eruption-happen<\/li>\n<li>Miniaci, G. (2019, 12 06). Multiple Burials in Ancient Societies: Theory and Methods from Egyptian Archaeology. <em>Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 29<\/em>(2), 287 &#8211; 307. doi:10.1017\/S095977431800046X<\/li>\n<li>Murthy, V. R. (2007). <em>Radioactive Isotopes, Their Decay in Mantle and Core.<\/em> doi:10.1007\/978-1-4020-4423-6_274<\/li>\n<li>Njagi, D. (2020, 08 07). <em>East Africa is seeing its worst swarms of locusts in many decades. How can these ravenous pests be stopped?<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from BBC: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200806-the-biblical-east-african-locust-plagues-of-2020<\/li>\n<li>oceancontent. (2008, 09 11). <em>Thera Volcano.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from YouTube: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WRBC-TFtxHw<\/li>\n<li>Oviedo, L. (2019). <em>Religion, Scientific Study of.<\/em> doi:10.17421\/2037-2329-2019-LO-1<\/li>\n<li>Pinkstone, J., &amp; Randall, I. (2020, 03 31). <em>Minoan civilisation was wiped out by the devastating Thera volcanic eruption exactly 3,580 years ago, study claims.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Daily Mail: https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-8168939\/Minoans-wiped-3-500-years-ago-devastating-volcanic-eruption-Thera.html<\/li>\n<li>Romey, K. (2021, 12 27). 3,600-year-old tsunami \u2018time capsule\u2019 sheds light on one of humanity\u2019s greatest disasters. <em>National Geographic<\/em>. Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/3600-year-old-tsunami-time-capsule-sheds-light-on-one-of-humanitys-greatest-disasters<\/li>\n<li>Sim\u00f3n, M. R., B\u00f6rner, A., &amp; Struik, P. C. (2021, 03 30). Editorial: Fungal Wheat Diseases: Etiology, Breeding, and Integrated Management. <em>Front Plant Sci<\/em>. doi:10.3389\/fpls.2021.671060<\/li>\n<li>Videography, H. (2016, 01 29). <em>Santorini &#8211; The Thera Cataclysm.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from YouTube: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z0JfNXIgpYw<\/li>\n<li>Welford, M., &amp; Bossak, B. (2010, 10). Body Lice, Yersinia pestis Orientalis, and Black Death. <em>Emerg Infect Dis, 16<\/em>(10), 1649-1651. doi:10.3201\/eid1610.100683<\/li>\n<li>Whipps, H. (2008, 02 25). <em>How The Eruption of Thera Changed the World.<\/em> Retrieved 02 21, 2023, from Live Science: https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/4846-eruption-thera-changed-world.html<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645: \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064f \u0632\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u00ab1\u00bb \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u00ab2\u00bb \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u00ab3\u00bb \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0630\u064d \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062b\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u00ab4\u00bb \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u00ab5\u00bb \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0630\u064d \u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u00ab6\u00bb \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u00ab7\u00bb \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u00ab8\u00bb \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19504"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19509,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19504\/revisions\/19509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}