{"id":19183,"date":"2023-01-24T14:18:07","date_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19183"},"modified":"2023-01-24T14:18:07","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T11:18:07","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9%d8%8c-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a6%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=19183","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646” \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629* \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

CONCRETE, HEAL THYSELF \u2014<\/em><\/strong>
\nAncient Roman concrete could self-heal thanks to \u201chot mixing\u201d with quicklime<\/strong>
\n“Jennifer Ouellette – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a(1)”<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0( <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 )<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
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\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 “\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629”(6)<\/sup><\/strong> (De architecture)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a “\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0633” \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a”. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0641\u0623 \u0648\u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(7)<\/sup><\/strong>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0645” \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 – \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646(8)<\/sup><\/strong> (Raman spectroscopy) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0641(9)<\/sup><\/strong> (multi-detector energy dispersive spectroscopy – EDS) \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 2000 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646(10)<\/sup><\/strong> (Appian) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643) \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646(11)<\/sup><\/strong>: \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633(12)<\/sup><\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a(13)<\/sup><\/strong> (Leucite) \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2000 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641”\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643. \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \/ \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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*\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong>
\nAncient Roman concrete could self-heal thanks to \u201chot mixing\u201d with quicklime | Ars Technica<\/a>
\n\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: Science Advances, 2022. 10.1126\/sciadv.add1602<\/a><\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634: <\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0622\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627” (Ars Technica) \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629”) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 609 \u0645\u060c \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 (27 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f – 14 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f). \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648 (Priverno) \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c (De Architectura) (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 (90-\u062c .20 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Vitruvius, De Architectura (25 BCE) \u2013 Architectural Studies (carleton.edu)<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
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  9. \n
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\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Appian Way) \u0623\u0648 (Via Appia Antica) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 312 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 (Appius Claudius Caecus). \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 (\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627). \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 400 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a (\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"
    \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f: \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: https:\/\/rome.us\/ancient-rome\/the-appian-way.html<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
    11. \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a (Via dei Fori Imperiali)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627.<\/h5>\n
    12. \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633 (Pozzolane Rosse) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 456000 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 (Alban Hills) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (scoriae) [\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0631\u063a\u0648\u064a] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0642 [\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629] \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0641\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 95 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CaO) \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.3 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Al2O3). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633 (potestas)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (harenae fossiciae) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: (PDF) Assessment of material characteristics of ancient concretes, Grande Aula, Markets of Trajan, Rome (researchgate.net)<\/a><\/h5>\n
    13. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u064a\u062f (feldspathoid)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 KAlSi2<\/sub>O6<\/sub>.<\/sub><\/h5>\n
    \"\"
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    CONCRETE, HEAL THYSELF \u2014 Ancient Roman concrete could self-heal thanks to \u201chot mixing\u201d with quicklime “Jennifer Ouellette – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a(1)” \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19183"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19190,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19183\/revisions\/19190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}