{"id":18857,"date":"2022-12-30T07:45:48","date_gmt":"2022-12-30T04:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18857"},"modified":"2022-12-30T07:45:48","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T04:45:48","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%83%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%83-%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18857","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u2026! (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b) \u2013 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>{\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f [277 \u0645.] \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a [627 \u0645.] \u2026.}<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 (\u0647\u062c\u0631) \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 (227\u0645)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641) \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062b\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062b\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18921\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18921\" style=\"width: 259px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18921\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06272.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06272.jpg 259w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06272-150x112.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18921\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/almerja.com\/<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18922\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18922\" style=\"width: 394px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18922\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06273.png 220w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06273-150x111.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18922\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d. 620 \u062d.\u0639.\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631 (300\u0645)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0634 (285-310\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18923\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18923\" style=\"width: 413px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18923\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06274-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"413\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06274-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06274-150x88.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06274-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06274.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 413px) 100vw, 413px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18923\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/twitter.com\/rrxcbbn1\/status\/925050087117611009?lang=zh-Hant<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 285-310\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0637\u0648\u0641 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641)\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0634.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629&#8221; (400\u0645 \u2013 800\u0645 &#8230;\u061f)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u06cc\u062b \u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064b \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06be\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u06be\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u06cc\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;Nestorianism&#8221; 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font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/jackasstheology.com\/<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; (&#8220;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d&#8221; 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\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18927\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18927\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18927\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06276-300x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06276-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06276-150x137.png 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06276-768x700.png 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u0635\u06276.png 858w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18927\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0641\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 8\u0647\u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c 629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0651\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629, \u00a0\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00a0<strong>&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621&#8221;<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0633&#8221;. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 <strong>&#8220;\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0645\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a&#8221;. <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a <strong>&#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.. \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 &#8220;\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><em><strong>\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a [\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 627 \u0645.] \u2026.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.agraas.com\/history\/279-stone-age\/\"><strong>https:\/\/www.agraas.com\/history\/279-stone-age<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qudamaa.com\/vb\/node\/36525\"><strong>https:\/\/www.qudamaa.com\/vb\/node\/36525<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/alwantef\/home\/zawyte-altarykh\/altarykh-alqdym\/alsamywn-1\"><strong>https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/alwantef\/home\/zawyte-altarykh\/altarykh-alqdym\/alsamywn-1<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/arab-ency.com.sy\/ency\/details\/2353\/4\"><strong>http:\/\/arab-ency.com.sy\/ency\/details\/2353\/4<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arabsgreatnation.wordpress.com\/2009\/12\/09\/%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86\/\"><strong>https:\/\/arabsgreatnation.wordpress.com\/2009\/12\/09\/%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>https:\/\/mawdoo3.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81\"><strong>https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81\"><strong>https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marefa.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81\"><strong>https:\/\/www.marefa.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/ar\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(227%D9%85)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18774<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a (2017\u0645.). \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062a. (2003\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. ISBN 9948010361. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u00ab\u0639\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u00bb \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u201d. qatifoasis.com. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 01 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a) (\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2017\u0645..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u062c\u064a (1881\u0645). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 24 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2018. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a. \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0635. 84.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (1989\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. {{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628}}: \u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 |\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644= (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (2011\u0645). \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c1 \u0635569<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c 2001\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629\u201d. alwahamag.com. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 11 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 02 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 (1866). \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. J. Brill. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0639\u064a. \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c 1: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. IslamKotob. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 (1985). \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. ktab INC. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u201d. ws. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2017. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 30 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1906). \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a [\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647]. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. 1957\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0648\u0641\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0640\u064a\u0633 | \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f\u201d. 06 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 06 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629\u201d. 06 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 06 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 1572-1521\u0645. \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c 2001\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c3 \u0635 255\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c2\u060c \u0635 504.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0633 (1422\u0647). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (PDF). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. ISBN 9960693813. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635136 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 (1982\u0645). \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641. \u0635. 69. {{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628}}: \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 |access-date= \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0640 |url= (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a (1999\u0645). \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. ISBN 9960660737.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u201d. qatifoasis.com. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 29 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u201d. ws. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 06 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a 41 \u2013 132\u0647\u0640 \/ 661 \u2013 750\u0645\u201d. net. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 09 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (1965\u0645). \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062c 3\u060c \u0635 252<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 (1999\u0645). \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. ISBN 9960660737.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 7 \u0635493<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u06403 \u0635736<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (2002\u0645). \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 12 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2018. {{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628}}: \u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 |\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644= (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u201d. qatifoasis.com. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 8 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2018. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0635. 53.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u062c. 7. \u0635. 126\u2013136.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644 228 \u0623.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u201d. net. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 07 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u060c 532-533.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 469 \u2013 636\u0647\u0640 \/ 1076 \u2013 1238\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 469 \u2013 538\u0647\u0640 \/ 1076 \u2013 1143\u0645\u201d. net. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 07 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u060c 539.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (22 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2002\u0645). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (PDF). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (PDF) \u0641\u064a 29 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1982\u0645). \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631). \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u062c\u062f (PDF). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. \u0635. 178. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (PDF) \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (1994\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u062c\u062f (PDF). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642. \u0635. 179. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (PDF) \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641 (\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012\u0645.). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1245-1288\u0647\u0640\/1830-1871\u0645). jadawel.net (\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. ISBN 9786144180532. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 5 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (1974\u0645). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 7 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Abdul Wahab Babeair, Ottoman Penetration of the Eastern Region of Arabian Peninsula, 1814-1841, PTI. Dm Indiana University, 1985, p 73, 74<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (1991\u0645). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u062c\u0631. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17736\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17736\" style=\"width: 139px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17736\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"139\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-120x150.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-60x75.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-132x165.jpg 132w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-164x205.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-264x330.jpg 264w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642.jpg 304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>{\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f [277 \u0645.] \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a [627 \u0645.] \u2026.} \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0649 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":18814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-16"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18857"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18928,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18857\/revisions\/18928"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}