{"id":18774,"date":"2022-12-15T00:50:19","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T21:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18774"},"modified":"2022-12-15T00:50:19","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T21:50:19","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=18774","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 &#8211; \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q12-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q12-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q12-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q12-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q12.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18776\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q11-1024x436.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q11-150x64.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q11-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q11.jpg 1272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18775\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18777\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18777\" style=\"width: 329px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18777\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q13-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"329\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q13-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q13-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q13-150x120.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q13-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/q13.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18777\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0630\u0631\u064a\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A\">\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B4\">\u0644\u0643\u0634<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634: \u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647)\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18778\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18778\" style=\"width: 356px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18778\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063612-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063612-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063612-1024x535.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063612-150x78.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063612-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063612.jpg 1268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18778\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(Nestorianism)<\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;Nestorianism&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0639, \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d&#8221;\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; (&#8220;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d&#8221; \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (428-431 \u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (Euphratensis)\u060c \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 451\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 431\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Nestorianism)\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u00bb\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 (Nestorius) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u062b\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 (Mopsuestia). \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u064f\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629. 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Bin Seray 1996).<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (Beauchamp et Robin 1983)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Bin Seray 1996). \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 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\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 410\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 410\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 410\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 410\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633 2003\u060c \u062c2 \u06351021). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a (Nestorius) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18780\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18780\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18780\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063614-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063614-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063614-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063614.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18780\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629: <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/catholic.net\">https:\/\/catholic.net<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18781 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063615-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063615-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063615-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063615.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629: https:\/\/catholic.net<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18782\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18782\" style=\"width: 291px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18782\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u06349.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u06349.jpg 291w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u06349-150x93.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18782\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/oblatesosbbelmont.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18783\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18783\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18783\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063410-300x206.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063410-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063410-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063410-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063410-110x75.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u063410.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18783\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/eastofbyzantium.org\">https:\/\/eastofbyzantium.org<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18791 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b11-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b11-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b11-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b11-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b11.jpg 576w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18792\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18792\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18792\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b13-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"430\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b13-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b13-150x101.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b13-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b13-110x75.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b13.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18792\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0651\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 (\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629). \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648 3 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646: https:\/\/www.albayan.ae<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18788 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b4-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b4-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b4.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: <\/span><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.puresoftwarecode.com\">https:\/\/www.puresoftwarecode.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18787 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b3-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b3-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b3.jpg 474w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: <\/span><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.puresoftwarecode.com\">https:\/\/www.puresoftwarecode.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18786 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b2-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b2-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b2-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b2.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18785 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/\u062b1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: https:\/\/alwatannews.net\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mosoah.com\/people-and-society\/history\/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86\/\">https:\/\/www.mosoah.com\/people-and-society\/history\/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sotor.com\/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86\/\">https:\/\/sotor.com\/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/510618.html\">http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/510618.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/173150\/Christianity_in_the_Gulf_during_the_first_centuries_of_Islam\">https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/173150\/Christianity_in_the_Gulf_during_the_first_centuries_of_Islam<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.edx.org\/asset-v1:NotreDameX+TH120.2x+3T2015+type@asset+block\/ODL_TH1202x_M02_HoylandChapter9.pdf\">https:\/\/courses.edx.org\/asset-v1:NotreDameX+TH120.2x+3T2015+type@asset+block\/ODL_TH1202x_M02_HoylandChapter9.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dorar.net\/adyan\/616\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/dorar.net\/adyan\/616\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/catholic.net\/op\/articles\/2025\/cat\/1205\/st-cyril-of-alexandria-.html\">https:\/\/catholic.net\/op\/articles\/2025\/cat\/1205\/st-cyril-of-alexandria-.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nestorianchristianity.weebly.com\/people.html\">https:\/\/nestorianchristianity.weebly.com\/people.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.puresoftwarecode.com\/ChrisArabe4.htm\">https:\/\/www.puresoftwarecode.com\/ChrisArabe4.htm<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9#:~:text=%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9#:~:text=%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/510618.html\">http:\/\/www.alwasatnews.com\/news\/510618.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/QatifCivil\/photos\/a.428433383871470.89365.428250997223042\/451737988207676\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/QatifCivil\/photos\/a.428433383871470.89365.428250997223042\/451737988207676<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.albayan.ae\/five-senses\/heritage\/2019-03-14-1.3510998\">https:\/\/www.albayan.ae\/five-senses\/heritage\/2019-03-14-1.3510998<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">https:\/\/www.albayan.ae\/five-senses\/heritage\/2019-03-21-1.3516966<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17736\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17736\" style=\"width: 135px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17736\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"135\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-120x150.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-60x75.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-132x165.jpg 132w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-164x205.jpg 164w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642-264x330.jpg 264w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642.jpg 304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 &#8220;\u0628\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0647\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 &#8220;\u0639\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":18790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-16"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18774"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18795,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18774\/revisions\/18795"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}