{"id":17503,"date":"2022-09-14T07:19:09","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T04:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=17503"},"modified":"2022-09-14T07:19:09","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T04:19:09","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84-%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=17503","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u200f\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646*"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (pharmacokinetics) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 (pharmacodynamics) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 (physiology) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (biochemistry) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 (pathophysiology) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (medicinal chemistry) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (microbiology) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d (anatomy) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u200f\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 (stimulation) <\/strong>\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 (adrenaline) \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 (pilocarpine) \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c (irritation)<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 (inhibition)<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (barbiturates) \u062a\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a (central nervous system).<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 (replacement) <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (endogenous) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (insulin) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627 (levodopa) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (dopamine) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Parkinson).<\/li>\n
  5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 (cell killing effect)<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 [Mechanism Of Action (MOA)] \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 (bulk laxatives) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0635\u0629\u00a0 (adsorpents) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (Hcl) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (chelating agents) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (enzymes):\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645. [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632:<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 (adrenaline) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 (adenyl cyclase) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629]. [\u200f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637:<\/strong> \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (angiotensin\u00a0 converting enzyme) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a “\u062e\u0627\u0635” \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a “\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635”].<\/li>\n
    4. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a (receptors):\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (receptor) \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (response). \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \"\"
      \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u200f\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong>(\u0633\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644):<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ligand gated ion channels<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 “G-protein coupied receptors) “G).<\/li>\n
      3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (enzyme-linked receptors)<\/li>\n
      4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 (intracellular receptors).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \"\"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

        1- \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (dose- response relationship): <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b (systemic) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n

        2- \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Selectivity): <\/strong>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Isoprenaline) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644 (sulbutamol)\u00a0 \u00a0\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062e\u064a (relaxant) \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a (therapeutic index) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (LD 50 lethal dose) \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 (effective dose LD50) \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 (combined effect):\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0646 (synergism) \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646 (antagonism)\u060c\u00a0 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631:\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646: 1- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 (additive)<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 (ibuprofen) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644 (paracetamol) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645. 2- \u200f<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 (potentiation)<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646.\u00a0 <\/em>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627 (carbidopa)<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a (prepheral metsbolism)<\/em> \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627 (<\/em>levodopa)<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>\u0644\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/em><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u200f<\/strong>\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f:\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0635 (adsorbs) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (alkloids) \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
        • \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (chelating) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
        • \u200f<\/strong>\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u00a0<\/strong>\u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.\u00a0 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (histamine) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 (adrenaline) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627 (Bronchoconstriction)\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0647\u0627 (bronchorelaxation).<\/li>\n
        • \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 (atropine) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (acetyl choline). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u00a0(Muscarinic receptor) \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b (compititive) \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a (non compititive).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          4- <\/strong>\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Dose): <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644 (paracetamol) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062e.. \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 (COX-1) \u0648 (COX-2) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 (COX-1) \u0648 (COX-2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 (PG). \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 (PGs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

            \"\"
            \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

            \u061b\u061b\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            *\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (pharmacokinetics) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 (pharmacodynamics) \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single\/single-cat-Article.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17503"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17513,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17503\/revisions\/17513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}