{"id":17379,"date":"2022-09-02T08:44:31","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T05:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=17379"},"modified":"2022-09-02T08:44:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T05:44:31","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=17379","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d &#8211; \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1259\u0645.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17380\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17380\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-110x72.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-251x165.jpg 251w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-310x203.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-503x330.jpg 503w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory-800x525.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1024px-Maraga_observatory.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17380\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627.\u00a0 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644: <span style=\"color: #800080;\">(\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0638\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0648\u062e \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 (1483 \u2013 1546) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (1618 \u2013 1648) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 30% \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1648). \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17381\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17381\" style=\"width: 221px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17381\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-300x206.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"221\" height=\"152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-110x75.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-240x165.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-299x205.jpg 299w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-481x330.jpg 481w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1-765x525.jpg 765w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ablass.d51e03d9b44c966ce6fbcf204ba781f1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17381\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: stiftsbezirk.ch<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. <strong>\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n2. \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627<br \/>\n3. \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n4. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a (1798 &#8211; 1857) \u0628\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 (Sociology).<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17383\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17383\" style=\"width: 288px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17383\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-110x73.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-248x165.jpg 248w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-308x205.jpg 308w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-495x330.jpg 495w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554-788x525.jpg 788w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/554.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17383\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: kent.ac.uk<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 (\u0641\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c ( \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a).<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628.\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17384\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17384\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17384\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"191\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-150x113.png 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-100x75.png 100w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-220x165.png 220w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-273x205.png 273w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic-440x330.png 440w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/constructivist-pic.png 448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: learningtheories<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629): <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631.\u00a0 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0649 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642) \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645) \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0 \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0646\u063a \u0645\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 (1910-2003) \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2008\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17385\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17385\" style=\"width: 204px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17385\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-110x62.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-293x165.jpg 293w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-310x174.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-586x330.jpg 586w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/b3fb3e7f-0ab7-4dd5-a045-f3845f359738-933x525.jpg 933w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17385\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: ft.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 (1902-1979): \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u00bb. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0630 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647.\u00a0 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u00a0\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17386\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17386\" style=\"width: 179px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17386\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-100x75.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-220x165.jpg 220w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-273x205.jpg 273w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-440x330.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge-700x525.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Integration-of-sociological-knowledge.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 179px) 100vw, 179px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17386\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: localrootchicago.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u00a0\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17387\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17387\" style=\"width: 140px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17387\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/people-300x192.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"91\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/people-300x192.gif 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/people-150x96.gif 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/people-258x165.gif 258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17387\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: briansolis.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/span>\u00a0 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single\/single-cat-Article.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17379"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17390,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17379\/revisions\/17390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}