{"id":17338,"date":"2022-08-29T13:18:56","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T10:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=17338"},"modified":"2022-08-30T12:31:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T09:31:28","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%aa-%d8%a3%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=17338","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 7 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Breakthrough shows humans were already standing on their own two feet 7 million years ago
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a CNRS \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647*<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633 (Sahelanthropus) (\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629)\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (APES). \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (PAN) (\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648). \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (PAN). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 (Locomotion) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (bipedalism) \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 (quadrupedalism). \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 – \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 – \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633.\u00a0 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (bipedalism). \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (Marsupials)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Placentals) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0640 120 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a (Luci) \u0623\u0648 (Australopithecus afarensis) (\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a.\u00a0 \u0641\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0638\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 250cc \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 (Ardipithecus) (\u0642\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 (\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637.\u00a0 \u0641\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a\u064f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (2020) \u0631\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 2020 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (PAN) \u0623\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647.\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 (Gorillini) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c\u00a0 \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629) \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 (Great African rift valley hypothesis) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0631\u062c\u0624\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 )<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)(1)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a: \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648(2)<\/sup>. \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644(3)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u00a0\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645)(4)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 (paleogenetics) \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 – \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a(5)<\/sup> – \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a (Luci) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: “\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629(6)<\/sup>] \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.18 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 – \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a(7)<\/sup>. \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627(8)<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2022 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 (Nature)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a(9)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 – \u0623\u064a \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a(<\/sup>10<\/sup>)<\/sup>). \u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 – \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 <\/strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629)<\/strong>\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 (Orrorin) (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a(11)<\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (ardipithecus) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 5.8 – 4.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627(12)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627. \u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648: \u00a0\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a) \u0644\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a(9)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0642\u062d\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a(9)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002(<\/sup>13<\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a “Touma\u00ef”) \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 – \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0627 (Toros-Menalla) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f (14)<\/sup>. \u00a0\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 (\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0639). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a(1)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 13800 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a 400 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0627 (Toros-Menalla). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0640 TM 266 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0630 \u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062f\u064f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 morphometrics<\/a>(<\/sup>15<\/sup>)<\/sup>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 23 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 – \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a “\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 [Orrorin(<\/sup>11<\/sup>)<\/sup>] \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (Ardipithecus)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629. \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644]. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 “\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626” \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \/ \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (Sahelanthropus) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 (Orrorin) \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (Ardipithecus) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u00a0\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627(<\/sup>17<\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639” \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c<\/strong><\/span> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631. \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 23 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 – \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 – \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629(18)<\/sup> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

*<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a CNRS\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f)<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062f\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f)<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f)<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
    1- “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 (species) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/a>. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/a> \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0633\u0644<\/a> \u062e\u0635\u0628. \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/a>. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> (ecological niche)” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0648\u0639_(\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641)<\/a><\/h5>\n
    2- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648<\/a>
    \n3-     https:\/\/theconversation.com\/when-humans-split-from-the-apes-55104<\/a>
    \n4-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639_\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u064a<\/a>
    \n5-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0642\u0631\u062f_\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/a>
    \n6-     https:\/\/www.nature.com\/scitable\/knowledge\/library\/lucy-a-marvelous-specimen-135716086\/<\/a>
    \n7-     https:\/\/www.hominides.com\/html\/dossiers\/bipedalism.php<\/a>
    \n8-     https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04901-z<\/a>
    \n9-     https:\/\/www.medecinesciences.org\/fr\/articles\/medsci\/full_html\/2006\/04\/medsci2006223p250\/medsci2006223p250.html<\/a>
    \n10-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644_\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/a>
    \n11-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646_\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a>
    \n12-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0642\u0631\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/a>
    \n13-     https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature00879<\/a>
    \n14-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621_\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/a>
    \n15-     https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morphometrics<\/a>
    \n16-     https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649_(\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d)<\/a>
    \n17-     https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-02226-5<\/a><\/h5>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong>
    \n    https:\/\/theconversation.com\/breakthrough-shows-humans-were-already-standing-on-their-own-two-feet-7-million-years-ago-189256<\/a><\/p>\n

    \"\"
    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Breakthrough shows humans were already standing on their own two feet 7 million years ago (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a CNRS \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647*) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17343,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17338"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17338\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17362,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17338\/revisions\/17362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}