{"id":16121,"date":"2022-05-10T07:13:08","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T04:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=16121"},"modified":"2022-05-10T07:13:08","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T04:13:08","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%b9%d8%b7%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=16121","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a*"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0639\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062e\u0634\u062e\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634.<\/p>\n

\u061b\u061b\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u061b\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 (roaring) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648 (door squeak) \u0623\u0648 (door creaking) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a (tik-tik) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a (tic-tac) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (cachi-cach).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 (\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 (loanwords). \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629: (onomatopoeia).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (fireworks) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 (\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0641) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632)\u061f
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0643 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645: \u062a\u0642\u0635\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632)\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (syllable) \u0623\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644) \u0648 (\u062f\u0646\u0686\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0648\u062f) \u0648 (\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0648\u062c) \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f -\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627- \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644: (aks) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (ask) \u0641\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

.(!?Can I aks you)<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 (interchanged) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644 (metathesis) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: (desk) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (deks) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (flask) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d (flaks) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (wasp) \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (waps) \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (pesky) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (peksy). \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (s) \u0648 (k) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (s) \u0645\u0639 (p).
\n\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (metathesis) (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 (transposition of sound) \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644 (metathesis) \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

.(AB+CD = AD+CB)<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 (metathesis) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (jumble words) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (scramble words) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n

hower \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d (where)
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643:
\nnehew \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d (when)
\noodg = good
\nhten = then<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 (metathesis) \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 (interchanged) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 -\u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062a- \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0645\u062f \u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Sociolinguistics) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a (phonology).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 (\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0623\u0648 (\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u061f
\n\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Indo- European language) \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a -\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (\u06af\u0644 \u0622\u0628) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f) \u0641\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

“\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a (\u0622\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (fireworks) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628”.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0622\u062a\u0634) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (fireworks) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (fire) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (works) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062d\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629:
\n\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a (\u0622\u062a\u0634) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 (\u0639\u0637\u0632) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0622\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0637\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0622) \u0648 (\u0639):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a (\u0622) \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u0639\u0644\u0629) (long vowel) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627 (gutturalized). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0629) (vowel) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641” \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 (consonant) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 -\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b- \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0623\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 …. \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u0652) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0652) \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0643\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f). \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u062a\u0634 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u063a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (digraph)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0648 (\u0686) (ch) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u062a+\u0634=\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u062a\u0634)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0622\u062a\u0634).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 (the tip of the tongue) \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (alveolar ridge) (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 (\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644) \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u062a\u0628\u0631 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a (\u062d\u0631\u0641) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 -\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627- \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0628) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u0637\u0628) \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0639\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 (motor) \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 (note) \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 (stop) \u0641\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629) (similarity)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u0647) \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0637\u0634\u0647).
\n\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 -\u0623\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631- \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a (\u0622\u062a\u0634) \u0648 (\u0639\u0637\u0632) \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a (\u062a\u0634) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u0632)\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a (vocal anatomy) \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u0647\u0633\u0629\u00a0(hissing sounds) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u060c \u0641\u0623\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a (recall) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628 (minimal pairs) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (phoneme) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (toneme) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644 (chronometer) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646.
\n\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 (psycholinguists) \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 (minimal pairs) \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a (sonic glide) \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644:
\n\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0622\u062a\u0634) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u0639\u0637\u0632) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644 (s) \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (z) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: (b,d,g,v,y,th,v,r,m,n,w,l) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: [cows, cars , means, years, days, rooms, bugs]. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644 (s) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a: (s, sh, j, ch, z) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0[classes, watches, wishes, oranges, breezes] \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a (sy) \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 (zi) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (busy) \u0648 (easy) \u0648 (noisy).<\/p>\n

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\u061b\u061b\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061b\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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