{"id":16088,"date":"2022-05-14T08:03:39","date_gmt":"2022-05-14T05:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=16088"},"modified":"2022-05-31T05:04:21","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T02:04:21","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-23-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=16088","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (23) \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n

[\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong>]<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 (<\/strong>Chorasmians<\/strong>) \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 <\/strong>\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627 (Chorasmia) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (the 3rd millennium B.C.E.)\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/strong> (Kel\u2019teminar) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> (Chorasmian).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (<\/strong>Neolithic<\/strong>)<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0642<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0631\u0642\u0645 2<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646<\/strong> (Suyargan) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u061b<\/li>\n
  • \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0628<\/strong> (Tazabag’yab) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u061b<\/li>\n
  • \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f<\/strong> (Amirabad) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f) \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a (the Timber Frame) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0648 (Andronovo) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631”.<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a (Kuyusa\u012d) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0633 (Oxus) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a” (\u201cScythian\u201d) (\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627).<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 “\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627 ” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 (kurgans) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Kuyusa\u012d) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a”.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633 (Chorasmian Sakas) \u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Medes) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627 (Parthia).<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 247 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 224 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648 (Strabo)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a (64 \u0623\u0648 63 \u0642.\u0645 – \u062c .24 \u0645) \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062c\u062a\u0627\u064a (Massagetae) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

    \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 (Avesta)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Avestan) \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627 (Chorasmia) \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 (B\u012bsotn) \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Darius I) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 521-486 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627 (Avesta) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. (\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0631\u0642\u0645 8<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0633 (Orthocorybants)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a (Herodotus) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (tenth satrapy)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Scythians) \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0633 (Satraps) \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (ancient Median) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Achaemenid) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Hellenistic). \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 (satrap) \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0633 (Akes river valley) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633. \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Chorasmian Scythian) \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0633 (AKES – \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Ak\u0113s)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 (Hyrcanians)\u060c<\/li>\n
    • \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Parthians)\u060c<\/li>\n
    • \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Sarangians)\u060c<\/li>\n
    • \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Thamaneans)\u060c<\/li>\n
    • \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 (Chorasmian).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0633 (Atheneus Fragmente I) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 “\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633” \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627 (Parthians)\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627 (Chorasmia) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Achaemenid).<\/p>\n

      \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Chorasmian) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0633 (Oxus) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 (Scythians) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 (Chorasmia) \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 (Chorasmia) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629” \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 10-15 \u0643\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627”.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0633 (Korybantes \u0623\u0648 Corybantes \u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 Corybants) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0644 (the Phrygian goddess Cybele) \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633 (the Kurbantes) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Phrygia).<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Zoroastrian) \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627 (Chorasmia)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u062c” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u062d” (Airyan\u0259m Va\u0113\u01f0ah) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: aratta.wordpress.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627 (Chorasmia) \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (K\u0101bolest\u0101n). \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 “\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u062d” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

      \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0632\u0646\u062f (Zend)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Avestan) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (G\u0101th\u0101s) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a (Vedic Sanskrit) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 (Avesta) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 400 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Old Avestan) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b (Younger Avestan). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Oxford\u2019s English dictionaries)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Avestan) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Vedic Sanskrit).<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 “\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc” \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 (Avesta) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649: “\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c (irinum waj) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648 Iranwij \u0623\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062c (airyana wa\u0113jah)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 Wiche () \u0648 () Vijeh \u0648 () Bijeh \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629”.\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0632 (r\u0101nw\u0113z) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644)”.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/strong> (Walter Bruno Henning) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627 (Chorasmia) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 (Turfan expeditions) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1902 \u06481914.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 (<\/strong>Scythians<\/strong>) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 (Scoloti) (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629: \u03a3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 Sk\u1e53lotoi) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Cimmerians)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 650-630 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Medes) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: en.wikipedia.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Assyrian) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0649 (Nineveh) \u0639\u0627\u0645 612 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Achaemenid)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (Macedonia) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u00a0(Macedonia) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 (Mithridates VI) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 (Scythian Neapolis) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Hellenized). \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632 (Alans) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Ossetians)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632.<\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n

      \u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0645\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0634”\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646 (Huns) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637 (Goths) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Turkic peoples)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0631 (Avars)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0631 (Khazars) \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a (<\/strong>Dahae<\/strong>) \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647\u064a (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “Daae” \u0623\u0648 “Dahas” \u0623\u0648 “Dahaeans”) (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: Dahae \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629: “\u0394\u03ac\u03bf\u03b9” \u060c “\u0394\u03ac\u03b1\u03b9” \u060c “\u0394\u03b1\u03b9” \u060c “\u0394\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 D\u00e1oi” \u060c “D\u00e1ai” \u060c “Dai” \u060c “Dasai” \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629: Dasa \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u5927 \u76ca Dayi) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a (Parni\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a (Xanthii)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a (Pissuri) – \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a (Parni)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a (Aparni)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 (Parthian empire).<\/p>\n

      \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 334 \u0648 330 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 330 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: weaponsandwarfare.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Arsaces I) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 250 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 211 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a (Diodotus)\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (the Bactrian Greeks)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f (Arsacid)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0632 (Arsaces)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 247 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0632 (Arsaces) \u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (323 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (Bactria)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Parthians) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062b \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Vologeses I) \u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Vonones II) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 51 \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 80 \u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a (Media Atropatene) \u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Pacorus)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0632 (Tiridates). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (54-63 \u0645).<\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0639\u062f 37 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0633 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a (Dahae) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633 (\u015aakas)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 (Hyrcanians)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (Alani) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 (Media) \u200b\u200b\u0648\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 (Armenia)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Vardanes II).<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0631\u0642\u0645 12<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Hellenism). \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 (Ctesiphon) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 (Seleucia) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1)] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (24)\u201d\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. https:\/\/iranicaonline.org\/articles\/chorasmia-i<\/a><\/li>\n
      2. https:\/\/allthatsinteresting.com\/neolithic-diet<\/a><\/li>\n
      3. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Neolithic<\/a><\/li>\n
      4. https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/image\/11763\/map-of-roman–parthian-trade-routes\/<\/a><\/li>\n
      5. https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/Chorasmian<\/a><\/li>\n
      6. https:\/\/iranicaonline.org\/articles\/chorasmia-i<\/a><\/li>\n
      7. https:\/\/dbpedia.org\/page\/Airyanem_Vaejah<\/a><\/li>\n
      8. https:\/\/www.utoronto.ca\/news\/u-t-offer-courses-ancient-persian-languages<\/a><\/li>\n
      9. https:\/\/iranicaonline.org\/articles\/akes-greek-akes-a-river-in-central-asia<\/a><\/li>\n
      10. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Avestan-language<\/a><\/li>\n
      11. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dahae<\/a><\/li>\n
      12. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dahae#\/media\/File:Confedera%C5%A3ia.Dahae.jpg<\/a><\/li>\n
      13. https:\/\/www.livius.org\/articles\/people\/chorasmia\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \"\"
        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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