{"id":15727,"date":"2022-04-19T03:36:56","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T00:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15727"},"modified":"2022-04-19T03:36:56","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T00:36:56","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-17-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15727","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (17) \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/strong><\/span>
\n[\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>]<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2-<\/strong> \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2-1 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621).<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: aljazeera.net<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 (Kyrgyz) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a (Yenisey) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0643 (Tashtyk) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

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\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646 (Tien Shan) \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 (\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a (Yenisei) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1703\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0632 (Dzungars) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0632 (YeniseyKyrgyz) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0642\u0634\u064a (Semirechye)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627 (Amursana) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1757.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1825 \u0648 1830 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 (\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1941\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064f\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

2-2 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646 (Tien Shan)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: worldexpeditions.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0648 (Kok Shaal-Tau) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a (Alay) \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a (Zaalay) \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a (Atbashi).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 (\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a) \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 7\u060c439 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a 8\u060c849 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c 6695 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2-3 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (shamanism)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646” (\u0161aman) \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0161a- “\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641”\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641”.<\/p>\n

\u061b\u061b\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940\u061b\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (epic cycles and lyric poetry) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 “\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0633” (“epos”) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc (Manas dastany)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

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\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: dergice.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a (manashi)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0643. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647. \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645. \u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0650\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (D\u00f6rben Oirat) \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (Oirat).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645” \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: edebiyatdenizi.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a “\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633” (Manas) \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632 (komuz) \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0641 (Chingiz Aytmatov)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0647 “\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628” (Povesti gor i stepey-1963) \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645” (I dol’she veka dlit’sia-1980) \u0648 “\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629” (Plakha-1986) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0641 “\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a” (Voskhozhdenie na Fudziiamu-1973)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641 (Kaltay Muhamedjanov)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n

2-4<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (Fergana Valley)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: ifad.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645. \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0633 (koumiss)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646 (Tien Shan). \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d<\/em> [\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u2013 \u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (18)\u201d\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/shamanism<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khagan<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. http:\/\/www.uzbekjourneys.com\/2013\/02\/manaschi-epic-poetry-bards-of-kyrgyzstan.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Oirat<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epic_of_Manas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"
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