{"id":15717,"date":"2022-04-13T10:01:36","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T07:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15717"},"modified":"2022-04-13T10:01:36","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T07:01:36","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-15-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15717","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (15) \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 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https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL-150x88.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL-768x448.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL-110x64.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL-283x165.jpg 283w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL-310x181.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL-566x330.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1abfa783b564572a469847a9edca081c_XL.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15718\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: alraiah.net<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1- \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-1 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e (Kazakh)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0642 (Kazak)\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Kazakhstan)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e \u0627\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Xinjiang Uyghur) \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 (Cuman or Kipchak).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 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src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-300x193.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-768x494.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-110x71.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-256x165.jpg 256w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-310x200.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-513x330.jpg 513w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914-816x525.jpg 816w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1024px-SB_-_Kazakh_man_on_horse_with_golden_eagle_1911-1914.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15723\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: marefa.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1488-1509) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1509-1518)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 200\u060c000 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1518-1538)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628:<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 (beys and batyrs)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>&#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644&#8221;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631&#8221; (1538-1580)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (Transoxania) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f &#8220;\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646&#8221; (1586-1598)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15719 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-290x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-290x300.png 290w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-145x150.png 145w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-73x75.png 73w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-160x165.png 160w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-198x205.png 198w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340-319x330.png 319w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u064a\u063340.png 394w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0624\u0646\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0632 (Oyrats)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644 \u062f\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0631 (Dzungars) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1681-1684)\u060c \u0634\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062f\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (Te\u00fcke Khan) (1680-1718) \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1711-1712)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u062f\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0631. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a 1723 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u062c\u0627\u0648-\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645. \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0627 (1709) \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062f\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15722\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15722\" style=\"width: 215px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15722\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/20170708174156504_small.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/20170708174156504_small.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/20170708174156504_small-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/20170708174156504_small-59x75.jpg 59w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/20170708174156504_small-130x165.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/20170708174156504_small-161x205.jpg 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15722\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: latyn.qamshy.kz<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 &#8211; \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u060c (1718-1749)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0641\u064a 1757-1758 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u063a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646 (Ablai Khan) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u063a. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1771\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0632\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1730\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>[\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1730\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 400\u060c000 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1954 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1956 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0650\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629&#8221; (Virgin and Idle Lands)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064f\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (21 \u0645)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 10\u060c000\u060c000 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1\u060c400\u060c000 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a (Xinjiang)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15721\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15721\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15721\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm-110x73.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm-248x165.jpg 248w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm-308x205.jpg 308w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kazakh-people1_sm.jpg 398w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15721\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: advantour.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u00a0<em>\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d<\/em> [\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 &#8211; \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u062c2)] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (16)\u201d\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>https:\/\/www.advantour.com\/kazakhstan\/people.htm<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/ulus<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Kazakhstan<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Kazakhstan\/Cultural-life<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/gazizazhubanova\/home\/engl-1<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Tatar<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4855\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4855\" style=\"width: 117px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4855\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-165x165.jpg 165w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-205x205.jpg 205w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-330x330.jpg 330w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-525x525.jpg 525w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Aljishi-Ali.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 117px) 100vw, 117px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4855\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 [\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646- (\u062c1)] \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c 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