{"id":15656,"date":"2022-04-11T03:19:22","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T00:19:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15656"},"modified":"2022-04-11T03:19:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T00:19:22","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-14-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15656","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (14) \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/strong><\/span>
\n[\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong>]<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642:<\/p>\n

1<\/strong>– \u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2- \u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3-<\/strong> \u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

4-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

5-<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"
\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

6-<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n

7- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u062d \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0645. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0647\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 (Marco Polo). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u062f\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u201c\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u201d<\/em> [\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 -\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u062c1)] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (15)\u201d\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c\u060c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. https:\/\/kalpak-travel.com\/blog\/what-is-central-asia\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/www.abc-clio.com\/products\/B2388C\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/cultural-patterns-of-russia-central-asia.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. https:\/\/www.veryhungrynomads.com\/what-is-central-asian-food\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n
    \"\"
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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