{"id":15359,"date":"2022-03-17T11:17:37","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T08:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15359"},"modified":"2022-03-17T11:17:37","modified_gmt":"2022-03-17T08:17:37","slug":"%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%81%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=15359","title":{"rendered":"\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

A Better Way to Divide the Pie
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 – Barry Nalebuff)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 – \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0641.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636: \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0624\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u06a4\u0646.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u06a4\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u06a4\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627.\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627 (Sally\u2019s Apizza) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627 (Pepe\u2019s Pizzeria). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 (Yale). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 (clam) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a Pepe\u2019s.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0633 (Alice)\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628 (Bob) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 12 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.\u00a0 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0629: \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0628.\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u00a0\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 (Alice) \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u06291<\/sup> – \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629) (fallback) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 4 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 – \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d: \u0623\u064a 8 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648 4 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 (\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635). \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 – \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 – \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 4 + 2 = 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 12 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636”.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a.\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 4 + 3 = 7 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648 2 + 3 = 5 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644 12\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a.\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a” \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636” \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0647.\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646.\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u06292<\/sup> \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636.\u00a0\u00a0\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 – \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 (Alice) \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628 (Bob) \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d 8:4 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636.\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641). \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0640 12\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d. \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 6:6 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 (Alice) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 7 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 6:6. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b.\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 7 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d – \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a 4 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u00a0\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636.\u00a0 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u061f\u00a0 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a (Nejat Anbarci) \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634 (Nick Feltovich). \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u060c \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 42\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u06293<\/sup>. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 7 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 8\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627.\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a 12\u2013 (4 + 2) = 6 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626. \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644 12 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a” \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631.\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636” \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0648 3 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d.\u00a0\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629.\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0640 4 + 3 = 7 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 2 + 3 = 5 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0648\u0641 – \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636”. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0628.\u00a0\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 “\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636” \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646.\u00a0\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong>
\n1- \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: “\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627”. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352250X19300569<\/a>
\n2 –https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0008\/925406\/how_sensitive_are_bargaining_outcomes_to_changes_in_disagreement_payoffs.pdf<\/a>
\n3- https:\/\/www.negotiationtraining.com.au\/articles\/next-best-option\/<\/a><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/insights.som.yale.edu\/insights\/better-way-to-divide-the-pie?utm_source=YaleToday&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=YT_YaleToday-Public_3-14-2022<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Better Way to Divide the Pie (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 – Barry Nalebuff) \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627 – \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0641.\u00a0 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636: \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15359"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15365,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15359\/revisions\/15365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}