{"id":14350,"date":"2022-01-15T18:49:08","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T15:49:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=14350"},"modified":"2022-01-15T18:49:08","modified_gmt":"2022-01-15T15:49:08","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=14350","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 70 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: wikimedia.org<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 39 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062a\u0632 (CalebSchutz)\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 (JASON): “\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0645”. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 “\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646”.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 (NASA)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a (NOAA)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (National Geographic Society).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (Dr. Jim GarvinImage)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Goddard) \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 (an impact crater)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0632\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a (a Martian meteorite)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646” \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: seriousgamemarket.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Tracy Drain) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Systems engineer) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 “\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 – \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0633 (Ames) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Johnson) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Goddard) \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 – \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 (JASON) \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 (JASON) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (canal systems) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 “\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629! \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: space.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 6371 \u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 5.97\u00d724<\/sup>10 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 (the terrestrial planets).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3396 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 (3376 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 0.53 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e 6.4185\u00d723<\/sup>10 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 15\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628: “\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 1.08321 \u00d7 12<\/sup>10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 1083 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e 1.6318 \u00d7 11<\/sup>10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 (163 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 0.151 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e 3.711 \u0645 \/ \u062b2<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 37.6\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (0.376 \u062c\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a) \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 149.598.261 \u0643\u0645 – \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (AU). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.0167)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 147.095.000 \u0643\u0645 (AU 0.983) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 151.930.000 \u0643\u0645 (AU 1.015) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c)\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 249.200.000 \u0643\u0645 (1.666 AU). \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 206.700.000 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (1.3814 AU). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 365.25 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 (1.000017 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e 686.971 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 (1.88 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a (Julian calendar)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 (Julius Caesar) \u0643\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064f\u0635\u0650\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633 (Sosigenes)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 365 1\/4 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00a0Image by CodeCarvings Piczard\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 23 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 56 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648 4 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (0.997 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 40 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0644) \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 25.19 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 23 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e [5.514 \u062c\u0645 \/ \u0633\u06453<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 3.93 \u062c\u0645 \/ \u0633\u06453<\/sup> (\u0623\u0648 0.71 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636)] – \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1220 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3400 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1729 \u0627\u0644\u0649 1859 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 16-17 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 – \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 – \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2890\u0643\u0645 (1790 \u0645\u064a\u0644) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 40\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (25 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a (\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645).<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: fanpop.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1300 \u0648 1800 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (800 – 1100 \u0645\u064a\u0644). \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d). \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50 \u0643\u0645 (31 \u0645\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 125 \u0643\u0645 (78 \u0645\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 – \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d – \u0623\u0648 361.132 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (139.43 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0631). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 (Planum Boreum and Planum Australe). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633 (Olympus Mons)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 (Valles Marineris).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: vox.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062c\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 (Troposphere, the)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 (the Stratosphere,)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 (the Mesosphere) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 (the Thermosphere) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 (the Exosphere). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.4 – 0.87 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (78\u066a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (21\u066a) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 96\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 1.93\u066a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648 1.89\u066a \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 (ppb).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 14 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 70.7 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (159 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u062a (Lut) \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 -89.2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (-129 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643 (Vostok) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b-46 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (-51 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 -143 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (-225.4 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 35 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: ryansmercury<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 1.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062c\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0650\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25000 \u0648 65000 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627 (nT) \u0623\u0648 0.25\u20130.65 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 (G).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (~ 16-40 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647. \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: earth-planets-space.springeropen.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u0646 (MAVEN) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 100 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a Io). \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 3474.8 \u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0639\u0646\u062f 7.3477 \u00d7 22<\/sup>10 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647 1.2\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 3.3464 \u062c\u0645 \/ \u0633\u06453<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 0.6 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 16.54\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 1.62 \u0645 \/ \u062b2<\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0646 362600 \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 405.400 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a (27.32 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 4.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u064a\u0627). \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1877 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u064a\u0633 – \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22 \u0643\u0645 (14 \u0645\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 9.234.42 \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e) \u0648 9517.58 \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 7 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12 \u0643\u0645 (7.5 \u0645\u064a\u0644) \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 23455.5 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 (periapsis) \u0648 23470.9 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c (Apoapsis) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 1.26 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 50-100 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (160 \u0625\u0644\u0649 330 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 (periapsis) \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c (Apoapsis) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 – \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a – \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6786 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (4217 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12756 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (7926 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a 7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 1013 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 (NASA Quest)\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 58 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 (76 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (32 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a).<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e) \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636” \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: -81 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (-62.8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: -225 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (-135 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: 57 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (13.9 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: 136.4 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (58 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: -128 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (-89.2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643 1983<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e -81 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (-62.8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 57 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a (13.9 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u200b\u200b\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 37 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: 23 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 56 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 40 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628. \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 [NASA \/ JPL-Caltech].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629: 687 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 669 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a (\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e)<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629: 365.25 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 321.75 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

3<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631: \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631: \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 13.8 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (22.2 \u0643\u0645) \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647 (1.08 \u00d7 1016 \u0643\u062c\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u00a07.8 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (12.6 \u0643\u0645) \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647 (2 \u00d7 15<\/sup>10) \u0643\u0644\u063a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631: \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631: \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 2158.7 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (3474.2 \u0643\u0645) \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647 (7.342 \u00d7 22<\/sup>10 \u0643\u062c\u0645)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633. \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6.79 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0640 156.49 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646: 0.1\u066a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646: 96\u066a<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646: 21\u066a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646: 0.0391\u066a<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 9\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 6-7\u066a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0623. \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a:\u00a0\u00a0\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0631\u0642 100 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n

      \u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d: 610 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a: 98500 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u061b \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

      \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 180 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n

      6.<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647.<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/a>
      \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: vox.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      7<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633: 142 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (228.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646): 154.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (249.13 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) – \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646): 128.4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (206.64 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) – \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633: 93 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (149.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646): 94.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (152 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) – \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646) 91.4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (152 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) – \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e 1.5 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637).<\/p>\n

      8<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629: 0.375 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629: 2.66 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 62.5\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0646 100 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0632\u0646 37.5 \u0631\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e! \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n

      9<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e:\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633 (\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 624 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (374 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 (16 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627) – \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636:\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636: \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a (\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 8.85 \u0643\u0645 (5.5 \u0645\u064a\u0644))<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 25 \u0643\u0645 (16 \u0645\u064a\u0644) – 2.82 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636: \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

      10<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 (Valles Marineris) \u0623\u0648 “The Grand Canyon of Mars”. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (1864 \u0645\u064a\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 600 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (372.8 \u0645\u064a\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 8 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a (5 \u0645\u064a\u0644) \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e .<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636: \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648 (Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (300 \u0645\u064a\u0644).<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 3000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (1864 \u0645\u064a\u0644) – 6 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0628\u0648).<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 4.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636: \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 4.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: 6.42 \u00d7 1023 \u0643\u062c\u0645<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636: 5.97 \u00d7 1024 \u0643\u062c\u0645<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 9.2 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

          \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

          \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0628\u0631. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

          \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636! \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/audience\/foreducators\/5-8\/features\/F_JASON_Expedition.html<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2015-12-mars-earth.amp<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            https:\/\/sciencing.com\/similarities-differences-mars-earth-8425570.html<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          4. \n
            https:\/\/www.thespacemystery.com\/mars-planet\/top-similarities-and-differences-between-mars-and-earth\/amp\/<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          5. \n
            \u00a0 \u00a0https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JASON_Project<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          6. \n
            \u00a0http:\/\/www.jason.org<\/a>.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          7. \n
            \u00a0https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/audience\/forstudents\/postsecondary\/features\/F_Canali_and_First_Martians.html<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          8. \n
            \u00a0https:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/basics\/chapter1-2\/#:~:text=The%20planets%20Mercury%2C%20Venus%2C%20Earth,planets%20in%20the%20solar%20system<\/a>.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          9. \n
            \u00a0https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Julian-calendar<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          10. \n
            \u00a0https:\/\/www.orbitaleos.com\/orbital-mechanics-1\/#:~:text=The%20periapsis%20is%20how%20it,are%20called%20perigee%20and%20apogee<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \"\"
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

             <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 70 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14350"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14365,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14350\/revisions\/14365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}