{"id":14167,"date":"2022-01-03T07:13:51","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T04:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=14167"},"modified":"2022-01-03T07:13:51","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T04:13:51","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af-19-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=14167","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

How COVID Is Changing the Study of Human Behavior
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\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: ippf.org\/covid19<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"\"
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\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 [\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633] \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f (Michele Gelfand)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644” \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19. <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0627\u064a \u200b\u200b\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \/ \u0635\u0648\u0631 SOPA \/ \u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 “\u0648\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a (nudges) (\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a)” \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a “\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631” – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645. \u00a0\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 “\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643”.<\/p>\n

“\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 – \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0633-\u0643\u0648\u0641-2. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Katherine Milkman)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 – \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. “\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a”. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 [\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628 vaccination uptake). \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 (UCLA) \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 (UCLA) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021 \u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u06a4 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Harpenden) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a (Jersey) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646 (Rebecca Sherrington)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0627 “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629” – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 “\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0645”.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646: “\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 – \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d”. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0649\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 93\u066a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a (Ca\u2019Foscari) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a “\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (6) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631” \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0640 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. “\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06a4\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06a4\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a. “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f” \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 (manuscript) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 [\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646].<\/p>\n

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\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 (W\u00e4ndi Bruine de Bruin) \u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “Understanding America Study” \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 9 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u061f” \u0648 “\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647” \u0648 “\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\u061f”.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b. “\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (workarounds) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628 (Alexander Holcombe)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a” \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0643 (Brian Nosek)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0644 (Charlottesville) \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f”\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 “\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a”. “\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649”.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong>
\n1- https:\/\/twitter.com\/jayvanbavel\/status\/1248985539728101382?s=20<\/a>
\n2- https:\/\/www.marikalandau-wells.com\/threat-perception<\/a>
\n3- “\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641. \u00a0 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/a>
\n4- “\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/a>\u00a0(\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/a>“). \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/a>\u0623\u0648\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644_\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a>
\n5- “\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0[1]<\/a>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645..” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:
\nhttps:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643_\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a>
\n6- ” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/em>\u0647\u064a\u00a0<\/em>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u00a0<\/em>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u00a0<\/em>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646\u00a0<\/em>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u00a0<\/em>\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645\u00a0<\/em>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u00a0<\/em>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u00a0<\/em>\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627\u00a0<\/em>\u0645\u0631\u0629\u00a0<\/em>\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u00a0<\/em>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00a0<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629“. <\/em>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: https:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/sociology\/social-processes-the-meaning-types-characteristics-of-social-processes\/8545<\/a><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-01317-z<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How COVID Is Changing the Study of Human Behavior (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631 –\u00a0 Christie Aschwanden , Nature magazine) \u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 “\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"single\/single-cat-Article.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14167"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14173,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14167\/revisions\/14173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}