{"id":13971,"date":"2021-12-20T10:42:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T07:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=13971"},"modified":"2021-12-20T14:21:16","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T11:21:16","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a2%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-ikea-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%86%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8f%d9%85-%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=13971","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (IKEA): \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u064f\u0645 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639* \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The IKEA effect: how we value the fruits of our labour over instant gratification<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00a0 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)<\/span><\/h3>\n
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\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u00a0\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 “\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632” \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644 “\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631 Betty Crocker” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u062f\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u00a0(Ernest Dichter) – “\u0623\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639” ( \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627, \u0661) – \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/div>\n
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\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 (focus). \u00a0\u0648\u063a\u064a\u064b\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u00a0\u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 (\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639).\u00a0 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 (\u0645\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643. \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0662).\u00a0 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0632 (Duncan Hines) (\u0663) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c (\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a Arlee Andre\u060c \u0664) \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0661. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0663\u0665 \u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u067e \u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0632 (P. Duff and Sons) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c (\u0665).<\/div>\n
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\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639: “\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0641\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636) \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629”.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631 (Dichter)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u00a0“\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (Something from the Oven: Reinventing Dinner in 1950s America)” \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0647\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u00a0\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644”.<\/div>\n
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\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 ( \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 ) \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/div>\n
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\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (IKEA)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u00a0\u0622\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (IKEA) – “\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0628 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c) \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644”(\u0666) – \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (Journal of Consumer Psychology) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 (Norton) \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Mochon) \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a (Dan Ariely). \u00a0\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643).<\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643. \u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632 (General Mills) – \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0629 (\u0665) – \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644” \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u00a0\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u00a0\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (IKEA) \u0648\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a (origami) (\u0641\u0646 \u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u060c \u0667) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u063a\u0648 (Lego) (\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0668). \u00a0\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u0631 )\u061f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u00a0\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.\u00a0 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\/\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (WTP) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u060c <\/b><\/span>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0622\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (IKEA) \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642.<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (WTP) \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u00a0\u0628\u0647. \u00a0“\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643” \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u00a0\u060c “\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 (DIYers)”.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 (Endowment<\/b>\u00a0effect)<\/b> (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0669. \u0661\u0660) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643). \u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0660 (\u0661\u0661). \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644) \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (effort justification)<\/b> (\u0661\u0662). \u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632. \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00a0\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/b> \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u00a0\u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0661\u0663). \u00a0\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 (customisation)(\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u064f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 (\u0661\u0664).<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0627 “\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0647” \u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0661\u0665) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627\u064b \u00a0\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (IKEA) \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 “\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629”.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 “\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f” – \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064f \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643. \u00a0 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u062e.<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/div>\n
\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u00a0\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/div>\n
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/b>
\n* gratification = \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641. \u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: :https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gratification
\n\u0661- https:\/\/www.decisionanalyst.com\/whitepapers\/motive\/
\n\u0662-https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/something-eggstra\/
\n\u0663-https:\/\/www.mashed.com\/66243\/untold-truth-duncan-hines\/?utm_campaign=clip
\n\u0664-https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/duncan-hines-cake-mix-maker-extraordinaire\/
\n\u0665-https:\/\/www.bonappetit.com\/entertaining-style\/pop-culture\/article\/cake-mix-history
\n\u0666-http:\/\/people.duke.edu\/~dandan\/webfiles\/PapersUpside\/Ikea%20Effect.pdf
\n\u0667-https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a
\n\u0668-https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0648_(\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629)
\n\u0669- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (Endowment effect): \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0661\u0660). \u00a0\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647. \u00a0\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u00a0\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: :https:\/\/www.behavioraleconomics.com\/resources\/mini-encyclopedia-of-be\/endowment-effect\/
\n\u0661\u0660-https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Richard_Thaler\/publication\/4730791_The_Endowment_Effect_Loss_Aversion_and_Status_Quo_Bias\/links\/09e4151030d3ea82e9000000\/The-Endowment-Effect-Loss-Aversion-and-Status-Quo-Bias.pdf
\n\u0661\u0661-https:\/\/psychology.iresearchnet.com\/social-psychology\/attitudes\/effort-justification\/
\n\u0661\u0662-https:\/\/psychology.iresearchnet.com\/social-psychology\/attitudes\/effort-justification\/
\n\u0661\u0663-http:\/\/www.acrwebsite.org\/web\/acr-content\/640\/emotional-attachment-to-brands-the-implications-for-marketers.aspx
\n\u0661\u0664-https:\/\/ar.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0623\u0633_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629
\n\u0661\u0665-https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2010.00768.x<\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/b>
\nhttps:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-ikea-effect-how-we-value-the-fruits-of-our-labour-over-instant-gratification-113647<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The IKEA effect: how we value the fruits of our labour over instant gratification (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00a0 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0660 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13971"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13971\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13977,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13971\/revisions\/13977"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}