{"id":13055,"date":"2021-10-21T17:28:15","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:28:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=13055"},"modified":"2021-10-21T17:28:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:28:15","slug":"%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b2-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=13055","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Why the United States dominates the Nobels<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a “\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 100 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645” \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a “\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0628 (1)” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1901\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 400 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0640 138 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0640 111 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 – \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (2)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (2)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

“\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062d\u062a \u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u00a0(Ardem Patapoutian) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0632\u0627\u00a0\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 (David Julius) \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0640 70 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 – \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u064a 69 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (3)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a (Syukuro Manabe) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 (David MacMillan) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0633\u0627 (Maria Ressa) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 [\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u06a4 Dimitri Muratove].<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a – \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 – \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 [\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 trailing indicator]” \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c “\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639”.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 4)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b (496 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 569 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2017) \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (5) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a (HN Cheng)\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633: “\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635”.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

“\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643 (6)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0 2021 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \/ \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c 7] \u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a [\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c 8 ]\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a (Stefano Bertuzzi) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633: “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 [\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632]”.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0631 (Kastner) \u0642\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (9) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (10) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong>
\n1-\u00a0\u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0628 (Ivy League) \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/a> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>.\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062b<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0643\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>.
\nhttps:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/a>
\n2- https:\/\/www.aei.org\/carpe-diem\/looking-back-at-the-remarkable-history-of-the-nobel-prize-from-1901-2021-using-maps-charts-and-tables\/<\/a>
\n3- ” \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 (Pure research)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (basic research)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644<\/a>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/a>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u062d\u062b_\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/a>
\n4- “\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (National Science Foundation) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b (NSF) \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a>. \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/a>. \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7.0 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2012)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>” \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n5- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n6- https:\/\/www.mcb.harvard.edu\/department\/news\/catherine-dulac-awarded-2021-breakthrough-prize-in-life-sciences\/<\/a>
\n7- https:\/\/encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com\/Parental+Instinct<\/a>
\n8- https:\/\/builtin.com\/diversity-inclusion\/gender-bias-in-the-workplace<\/a>
\n9- “\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u0641\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/a>:\u00a0\u0623\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0631) \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f.\u00a0\u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645\u00a0\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a”\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/a>
\n10- https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2021-10-states-dominates-nobels.html<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
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